A bus stop is the designated place where the bus stops passengers from rising or descending from the bus. Bus stop construction tends to reflect usage levels, where stops at busy locations may have shelters, seats, and possibly electronic passenger information systems; stop less busy can use the pole and a simple flag to mark the location. Bus stops, in some locations, gather together to become a transportation hub that allows the exchange between the routes from nearby stops and with other public transport modes to maximize convenience.
Video Bus stop
Service type
For operational purposes, there are three main types of dismissals: Scheduled stops, where the bus must stop regardless of request; stop request (or stop flag), where the vehicle will stop only upon request; and hail and ride stops, where the vehicle will stop anywhere along the part of the road specified on request.
Certain stops may be restricted to "debit/set-down" or "just for picking up". Some stops can be set as "time points", and if the vehicle is ahead of schedule it will wait there to ensure correct synchronization with the time schedule. In densely populated urban areas where bus volumes are high, skip-stop is sometimes used to improve efficiency and reduce delays at bus stops. The tariff stages can also be determined by the particular stopping location in the zone or zone-based tariff collection system. Sunday's stop is close to the church and is only used on Sundays.
Maps Bus stop
History
From the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries, the horse-drawn stage trainers run regular services among many European cities, starting and stopping at designated Coaching lodges where horses can be changed and passengers up or down, which basically the earliest form of bus stop. The Angel Inn, Islington, the first stop on the route from London to York, is a great example of such lodging. Seats on the Stage Coach usually have to be booked in advance.
John Greenwood opened the first bus line in England in Manchester in 1824, running a fixed route and allowing passengers to ride on demand along the way without a reservation. Landmarks such as public houses, railway stations and crossroads became the point of dismissal of customs.
Horse-drawn regular buses began in Paris in 1828 and George Shillibeer started the Omnibus horse service in London in 1829. walked between stops at Paddington (in a pub - The Yorkshire Stingo) and the Bank of England to a specified route and schedule. In the mid 19th century guides available for the London bus route included maps with major routes and stops.
In the National National Public Access Access Node UK database of all UK discharges, developed by the Department of Transport in 2001, dismissals are classified as tagged or habits and usage (ie without a stop sign in which the driver will stop the vehicle on request). Use of terminated stops can be fixed - the bus will always stop, or only on request.
Design
The bus stop infrastructure ranges from simple poles and signs, to incomplete refuges, to sophisticated structures. The usual min is a flag with flag with the appropriate name/symbol. The stop bus stop may have a full or partial roof, supported by two, three or four sided constructions. The modern stop is just steel construction and glass/perspex, although elsewhere, like rural England, stops may be a brick or concrete built.
Construction may include a small built-in chair. This construction can display ads, from simple posters, to complex, fickle or animated displays. Some installations also include interactive ads. Design and construction may be uniform to reflect large companies or local authority providers, or installations may be more private or distinctive where small local authorities such as parish councils are responsible for dismissal. Dismissals may include separate street furniture such as benches, lights and bins.
Individual bus stops can only be placed on the sidewalk beside the highway, although they can also be placed to facilitate the use of the busway. More complex installations may include building bus or bulb turnouts, for traffic management reasons, although the use of bus lanes can make this unnecessary. Several bus stops can be grouped together to facilitate easy transfers between routes. These can be arranged in a simple row along the road, or parallel or diagonal of several stops. Bus stop groups may be an integral part of the transportation hub. With additional facilities such as a lounge or ticket office, an outsider group of bus stops can be classified as an imperfect bus terminal.
The convention is usually for buses to draw levels with 'flags', although in the front area the rear and back buses of mixed buses, such as London, heads stop, and more rarely stop the tail, indicate to the driver whether they should stop the bus with either the rear platform or driver level taxi with flag.
In certain areas, the street area next to the bus stop can be marked specifically, and protected by law. Often, car drivers may be unaware of the legal implications of stopping or parking at a bus stop.
In a bus rapid transit system, bus stops may be more complicated than road bus stops, and can be called 'stations' to reflect these differences. It may have a closed area to allow for the collection of off-bus fares for fast boarding, and placed further apart as tram stops. Bus stops on bus lines rapid transit may also have more complex construction that allows boarding platform level, and doors that separate the enclosure from the bus until it is ready to go up.
Information
Public information
Most bus stops are identified with metal markings attached to poles or lightweight standards. Some stops are plastic strips tied to poles and others involving marks attached to bus shelters. The signs are often identified with the image of the bus and/or with the words "bus stop" (or similar in places that do not speak English).
Bus stops "flags" (panels usually project from the top of the bus stop pole) will sometimes contain the route number of all buses calling at the stop, optionally differentiating service often, rarely, 24 hours, and night. Flags may also show the dominant operator logo of the bus, or the logo of the local transit authority with responsibility for the bus service in the area. Additional information may include unambiguous unique names for dismissal, and general direction/destination of most call routes.
Bus stops often include schedule information, a complete schedule, or for busy routes, time or frequency to be called a bus at a particular stop. Route maps and tariff information can also be provided, and phone numbers to relevant travel information services.
Dismissals can also combine, or have nearby, display real-time information with the next bus arrival time. Increasingly, mobile phone technology is being referred to longer stops, allowing the next bus time to be delivered to the passenger handset based on stop location and real-time information. Automatic ticketing machines can be provided at busy stops.
Data model
Modern passenger information systems and travel planners require detailed stop representation and digital stations. The Transmodel CEN data model, and associated IFOPT data exchange standards, determine how the transport system, including bus stops, should be described for use in computer models. In Transmodel, a single bus stop is modeled as a "Stop Point", and a breakdown of nearby bus stops as "Stop Area" or "Stop Place". Standard General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS), originally developed by Google and TriMet, defines simple data exchange standards and is widely used for public transport schedules. GTFS also includes a stop location table which for each stop provides names, identifiers, locations, and identification with larger stations that may be part of the dismissal. OpenStreetMap also has a modeling standard for bus stops.
The United Kingdom has collected a complete database of public transport access points, including bus stops, to the National Public Access Access Nodes (NaPTAN) database with details of 350,000 nodes and which are available as Open Data from data.gov.uk.
Security
The bus stop improves passenger safety in several ways:
- The bus stop prevents passengers from trying to rise or fall in dangerous situations such as at the intersection or where the bus is spinning and not using the curb.
- A bus driver can not be expected to continue searching for interested passengers. The bus stop means that the driver only needs to find passengers interested in the approach to every bus stop.
- After the bus stop requires passengers to group themselves before boarding, which reduces the time spent in the dorm.
- In the evenings, when the number of passengers is lower, restrictions are sometimes relaxed and passengers can be allowed out of the bus anywhere on the grounds.
- Bus turnouts, or lay-bys, allow buses to stop without impeding traffic flow on the main road
Rule
Some jurisdictions have introduced special legislative controls to encourage the design and management of safer stop buses. The State of Victoria, Australia, for example, has enacted the Bus Safety Act which contains performance-based maintenance tasks that apply to all industry participants who are in a position to influence the safety of bus operations - so-called "chain of responsibility". Security tasks apply to all bus services, both commercial and non-commercial, and to all buses regardless of seat capacity. Task violation is a serious criminal offense that carries severe penalties.
The main task holder under the Bus Safety Act is the bus service operator, as the person who has the responsibility and effective control over the entire operation. However, the Act also contains a safety duty that includes "persons responsible for bus stops", including those who design, build, or retain dismissal, plus those who decide on the location.
This task was introduced in response to research showing that the most serious danger associated with bus travel occurs when passengers, especially children, cross the street after getting off the bus. The location and layout of the bus stop is a factor in the risk level.
Security tasks are also imposed by the Bus Safety Act on various others including -
- "bus safety workers" including drivers, schedulers who organize bus schedules, and mechanics and testers who repair or assess vehicle safety
- "procurers" - people who get the bus service, known as "customers" in the commercial charter sector.
All these people can obviously affect bus safety. They are required by the Bus Safety Act to ensure that, in carrying out their activities, they remove health and safety risks if 'practically' - or work to reduce those risks 'to the extent practicable'. This familiar formula of practicality is borrowed from the Victoria Railway Safety Act (and the next national Rail Safety Bill model) and the Occupational Health and Safety Act 2004.
Research
Many transit agencies have developed guidelines for the preferred bus stop distance. In most U.S. cities, however, the typical bus stop is between 650 and 900 feet (200-275 m), far below optimal.
The bus stop capacity is often an important consideration in bus stop planning that serves several routes downtown. Limited capacity can mean buses line up behind each other at the bus stop, which can cause roadblocks or traffic delays. The bus stop capacity is usually measured in terms of a reliable bus/clock using the bus stop. The main factors affecting the bus stop capacity are:
- Number of loading areas (or number of buses that can stop at once)
- Average residence time (How long does bus take to load/unload passengers)
- G/C ratio of nearest traffic signal (green time/cycle length)
- Cleanup time (time needed by bus to reenter traffic stream)
Detailed procedures for calculating bus stop capacity and bus lane capacity using the jump stop are outlined in Section 4 of the Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual, published by the US Transportation Research Agency.
Transit agencies are increasingly looking at the consolidation of bus stops that were previously placed carelessly as a way to improve services cheaply and easily. Bus Stop Consolidation evaluates bus stops along existing bus routes and develops new patterns for optimal bus stop placement. Bus Stop Consolidation has been shown to improve the efficiency of operations and passengers on bus routes.
Fake bus stop
Some nursing homes have built fake and fake bus stops for residents who suffer from dementia. Some bus stops are even equipped with outdated advertisements and schedules - 30 years old are out of date. Residents will sit at the bus stop waiting for the bus to take them to the destination they imagine. After some time, a staff member came to escort the client back home.
In popular culture
The bus stop is a common allusion in popular culture. In 1956 there was a Marilyn Monroe movie called Bus Stop . The famous scene in the Forrest Gump movie takes place at a bus stop and most of the episodes of the series of South Park begin by presenting the main characters at the bus stop.
In Japanese culture, My Neighbor Totoro movies feature bus stops, both for regular buses and cat buses. The anime opening scene Air shows the main characters getting off at the bus stop. Japanese film Summer Wars features a rustic bus stop.
The famous rabbis have taught lessons in Judaism from their interactions and experiences with bus stops.
See also
References
External links
- The bus design guide stops from the National Association of Urban Transportation Officers Guide Transit Road Design
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments