A machine generator of or a portable generator is a combination of electric generators and machines (prime movers) mounted together to form one piece of equipment. This combination is also called genset-machine or gene-set . In many contexts, the machine is considered normal and the combined unit is simply called a generator.
Video Engine-generator
Components
In addition to engines and generators, generator engines generally include fuel supplies, constant engine speed regulators (governors) and voltage regulator generators, cooling and disposal systems, and lubrication systems. Units larger than about 1 kW rating often have batteries and electric starter motors; very large units can be started with compressed air either to an air driven starter motor or introduced directly to the engine cylinder to start the engine rotation. Standby power generation units often include an automatic start system and transfer switch to disconnect from a utility power source in the event of a power failure and connect it to the generator.
Maps Engine-generator
Type
Engine-generators are available in various power ratings. It includes a small, portable unit that can supply several hundred watts of power, a unit mounted on a trolley, as illustrated below, which can supply several thousand watts and a stationary or trailer unit that can supply over one million watts. Regardless of its size, the generator can run on gasoline, diesel, natural gas, propane, bio-diesel, water, waste gas or hydrogen. Most smaller units are built to use gasoline (petrol) as fuel, and larger ones have different types of fuels, including diesel, natural gas and propane (liquid or gas). Some engines can also operate on diesel and gas simultaneously (bi-fuel operation).
Many engine-generators use reciprocating engines, with the above mentioned fuels. This can be a steam engine, like most fossil fuel power plants that use coal. Some engine generators use turbines as engines, such as industrial gas turbines used in peak power plants and microturbines used in some hybrid electric buses.
The voltage values ​​of the generator (volt), frequency (Hz) and power (watts) are selected to match the load to be connected.
Generators driven by natural gas-fired engines often form the heart from small-scale heat and power installations (less than 1,000 kW).
There are only a few models of three-phase portable generators available in the US. Most of the available portable units are single-phase generators and most of the three-phase generators produced are large industrial type generators. In other countries where the power of three phases is more common in households, portable generators are available from several kW and up.
Portable engine generators may require external power conditioners to operate certain types of electronic equipment safely. Small portable generators can use inverters. The inverter model can run on a slower RPM to generate the required power, thereby reducing engine noise and making it more fuel efficient. The best generator inverters for power sensitive electronic devices such as computers and lights that use ballast.
Medium-size stationary machine generator
The medium-sized stationary engine genset pictured here is a 100 kVA set that produces 415 V at about 110 A. It is powered by Perkins Phaser 1000 Series engine with a capacity of 6.7 liters, and spends about 27 liters of fuel per hour, on a 400 liter tank. Diesel engines in the UK can be run with red diesel and spin at 1,500 or 3,000 rpm. It generates power of 50 Hz, which is the frequency used in Europe. In areas where the frequency is 60 Hz (United States), the generator rotates at 1,800 rpm or another divisor of 3600. The diesel engine generator operated at its peak efficiency point can generate between 3 to 4 kilowatt hours of electrical energy for every liter of diesel fuel consumption, with lower efficiency at partial load.
Large scale generator
Many generators generate enough kilowatts to move anything from business to a full-sized hospital. These units are particularly useful in providing backup power solutions for companies that have serious economic costs associated with shutdown caused by unplanned power outages. For example, hospitals need electricity constantly, as some medical equipment that preserves life with electricity, such as a ventilator.
A very common use is diesel rail electric locomotives, some units have more than 4,000 hp.
Large generators are also used on ships that use diesel-electric powertrains. Voltages and frequencies may vary in different installations.
Apps
Machine-generators are used to provide electric power in areas where utility electricity (central station) is not available, or where electricity is only needed temporarily. Small generators are sometimes used to provide electricity to power tools at construction sites. Trailer-mounted generators provide temporary installation of lighting, sound reinforcement systems, entertainment rides, etc. You can use a watt graph to calculate the approximate power consumption for different types of equipment to determine how many watts are required in a portable generator.
Generator or mobile generator mounted in trailer, diesel generator is also used for emergency or backup where redundant system is needed or no generator in location. To make the hookup faster and safer, the tie-in panel is often installed near a building switchgear that contains connectors such as camlocks. The tie-in panel can also contain phase rotation indicators (for 3-phase systems) and circuit breakers. The Camlock connector is upgraded to 400 amps to 480-volt systems and is used with a 4/0 type W cable connected to the generator. Tie-in panel design is common between 200 and 3000-amp applications.
Standby power generators are installed permanently and are used to immediately provide electricity for critical loads during interruption while power supplies. Hospitals, installation of communications services, data processing centers, sewage pumping stations, and many other essential facilities are equipped with standby power generators. Some standby power plants can automatically detect the loss of network power, turn on the motor, run using fuel from the natural gas line, detect when grid power is restored, and then turn it off on its own - without human interaction.
Owned generators are very popular in areas where network power is unreliable or unavailable. Trailer-mounted generators can be drawn into disaster areas where grid power is temporarily disrupted.
Security
Every year, the wrong portable generator is used to cause death from carbon monoxide poisoning. The 5.5 kW portable generator will produce the same amount of carbon monoxide as six cars, which can quickly build up to a fatal level if the generator has been placed indoors. Using a portable generator in the garage, or near an open window or an AC vent can also cause carbon monoxide poisoning.
In addition, it is important to prevent feeding back when using a portable engine generator, which can harm utility workers or people in other buildings. Before turning on a diesel or gasoline-powered generator, the user must ensure that the main circuit breaker is in the "off" position, to ensure that the electric current is not reversed.
Extremely hot gas exhaust gases from the gene-set can be performed with factory-made positive pressure chimneys (certified for UL 103 test standard) or a general utility schedule of 40 black iron pipes. It is recommended to use insulation to reduce the pipe skin temperature and reduce excessive heat into the mechanical chamber. There are also pressure relief valves available to reduce the pressure of the potential boomerang and maintain the integrity of the exhaust pipe.
See also
- Diesel power locomotive
- Diesel generator
- Some diesel power units
- Header power
- Generator-motor
References
External links
- CDC: Safety and Generator Electricity
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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