Envelopes are common packaging items, usually made of thin flat material. It is designed to load flat objects, such as letters or cards.
Traditional envelopes are made from sheets of paper cut into one of three forms: rhombus, short-sleeved cross or kite. These forms allow the creation of an envelope structure by folding the sides of the sheet around the central rectangular area. In this way, the faced rectangular cover is formed with a four-flap arrangement on the reverse side.
Video Envelope
Ikhtisar
When the sequence folds in such a way that the last flap to be closed is on the short side it is called in the manufacture of commercial envelopes as pockets - a format often used in small seed packs. Although in principle the flap can be retained by securing the top flap at one point (eg by a wax seal), generally they are attached or attached to overlap. They are most commonly used to attach and send letters (mail) through postal system postage-postage.
The window envelope has a cut hole on the front side that allows the paper inside to be viewed. They are generally set so that the recipient address printed on the letter is visible, saving the sender from having to duplicate the address on the envelope itself. The window is usually covered with transparent or translucent film to protect the letter in it, as it was first designed by Americus F. Callahan in 1901 and patented the following year. In some cases, the lack of materials or the need to save produce envelopes that no film covering the window. An innovative process, discovered in Europe around 1905, involves the use of hot oil to saturate the envelope area where the address will appear. The treated area becomes translucent enough for the address to be read. In 2009 there were no international standards for window envelopes, but several countries, including Germany and the UK, had national standards.
Aerograms are related to letterheets, both designed to write on the inside to minimize weight. Each handmade envelope is an effective letter sheet because before the folding stage, it offers the opportunity to write a message on the part of the sheet that once folded into the inside of the envelope's face.
The "envelope" used to launch the Penny Post component from the British postal reform of 1840 by Sir Rowland Hill and the discovery of stamps, was a candy-shaped sheet known as Mulready. If desired, a separate letter may be flanked with the remaining postage on one cent with a combined weight requirement not exceeding half an ounce (14 grams). This is the legacy of the previous postage calculation system, which depends in part on the number of sheets of paper used.
During the US Civil War, those in the Confederate Army of the States sometimes used envelopes made of wallpaper, due to financial difficulties.
The "return envelope" is the earlier and smaller envelopes that are included as larger envelope contents and can be used for polite reply emails, measurable reply emails, or freeposts (business reply letters). Some envelopes are designed to be reused as back envelopes, saving costs including back envelopes in the original envelope contents. The direct mail industry uses extensive back envelopes as a response mechanism.
Until 1840, all envelopes were handmade, each individually cut into the corresponding shape of an individual rectangle sheet. That year, George Wilson in the United Kingdom patented the tessellating method of a number of transverse envelope patterns and lowered large sheets, reducing the overall amount of waste produced per envelope when cut. In 1845 Edwin Hill and Warren de la Rue obtained a patent for a steam-driven machine that not only cut the envelope's shape but also folded and folded it. (Mechanical gumming has not been designed.) The convenience of ready-to-cut sheets to form popularize the use of machine-made envelopes, and the economic significance of factories that have produced handmade envelopes is gradually reduced.
Since the envelopes are made of paper, they intrinsically agree with the additional decoration of graphics and text above and above the required post marks. This is a feature that has been exploited by the direct mail industry - and recently the Mail Art movement. Special printed envelopes have also become an increasingly popular marketing method for small businesses.
Most of the more than 400 billion envelopes of all sizes made worldwide are made with engines.
Maps Envelope
Size
International standard size
International standard ISO 269 defines several standard envelope sizes, designed for use with ISO 216 standard paper sizes:
The German Standard DIN 678 defines a list of the same envelope formats.
North America Size
There are dozens of envelope sizes available.
A designation such as "A2" does not match the ISO paper size. (Often, North American paper installers and printers will insert a hyphen to distinguish from ISO size, so: A-2.)
Envelope No. 10 is the standard business envelope size in the United States.
Envelopes received by the US Postal Service for delivery at mail prices must be:
- Rectangular
- At least 3 1 / 2 inch height ÃÆ'â € "5Ã, inches long ÃÆ'â € 0.007 inches thick.
- Not more than 6 1 / 8 Ã, inch height ÃÆ'â € " 11 < span> 1 / 2 Ã, inches long ÃÆ'â € " 1 / 4 inch inch thick.
- Letters that have a long to high aspect ratio of less than 1.3 or more than 2.5 are classified as "can not be processed by USPS and may cost more to send.
English Size:
See the Central Mailing Services infograph here for the general size of the envelope in the UK.
Producing
Envelope history
The first known envelope is not like the paper envelope we know today. It can date back to about 3500-23200 BC in the ancient Middle East. Hollow, clay balls are formed around a financial token and used in private transactions. The two men who discovered this first envelope were Jacques de Morgan, in 1901, and Roland de Mecquenem, in 1907.
Paper envelopes were developed in China, where papers were discovered in the 2nd century BC. Paper envelopes, known as chih poh , are used to store prize money. In the Southern Song dynasty, the Chinese imperial palace used envelope paper to distribute prize money to government officials.
Prior to 1845, handmade envelopes were all available for commercial and domestic use. In 1845, Edwin Hill and Warren De La Rue were granted British patents for the first envelope machine.
The "Envelope" produced by the Hill/De La Rue machine is not what we know today. They are flat diamond sheets, lozenges (or rhombus) or pre-shaped "blanks" before feeding them to the machine to be fastened and made ready to be folded to form a rectangular enclosure. Overlapping flap edges are treated with pastes or adhesives and the method of securing envelopes or wrapping is the user's choice. The symmetrical flap arrangement means that it can be held together with a single wax seal at the top of the top flap. (That envelope cover can be held together by applying a seal at one point is a classic design feature of an envelope.)
Almost 50 years have passed before a commercially successful machine to produce envelopes that have been effectively attached as we know today emerged.
The origin of the use of diamond shapes for the envelopes is debatable. However, as an alternative to just wrapping a piece of paper around a folded letter or invitation and sealing the edges, it is a neat and as if paper-efficient way of generating rectangular-faced envelopes. Where paper failure claims are a consequence of paper producers usually making paper available in rectangular sheets, since the largest envelope size that can be realized by cutting diamonds or other forms that produce envelopes with symmetrical flap is smaller than the largest that can be made from the sheet only with folding.
The folded (or "empty") diamond sheets were used in the early nineteenth century as a new wrapper for invitations and letters among the proportions of the population who had time to sit down and cut and prosper enough. no need to bother throwing garbage. Their use first became widespread in Britain when the British government took monopoly control over the postal service and commissioned Rowland Hill with its introduction. The new service was launched in May 1840 with the ubiquitous paid printed (or pictorial) display prints and the most celebrated postage stamps: Penny Black - for production the Jacob Perkins printing process is used to block forgery and forgery. The wrapping is printed and sold as a 12 piece, by cutting off the buyer's task. Known as Mulready's writing instruments, since the illustrations were made by respected artist William Mulready, the envelopes were withdrawn when the illustrations were mocked and destroyed. Nevertheless, the public seems to see the convenience of ready-made wrappers, and it must be obvious that with stamps a completely plain packaging version can be produced and postage stamps are paid in advance by purchasing a seal and applying it to the wrapper after it has been folded and secured. In this way even though prepaid-prepaid image prints die with embarrassment, this diamond-shaped wrapping obtains de facto official status and becomes publicly available despite the time it takes to cut it and the waste it generates. With the release of stamps and the operation and control of the service (which is the medium of communication) in the hands of the government, the British model spread throughout the world and the diamond-shaped wrapper participated.
Hill also installed his brother Edwin as a Stamp Controller, and he and his colleague Warren De La Rue patented the machine for mass-producing diamond-shaped sheets for conversion to envelopes in 1845. Today, the manufacture of envelope-making machines is a long and established international industry, and blanks are produced with short-sleeved shapes and kite shapes as well as diamond shapes. (The short-arm-cross styles are mostly encountered in "pocket" envelopes - envelopes with closing lids on short sides.A more common style, with closing the lid on long sides, sometimes referred to as "standard" or "Dompet" styles for differentiation purposes.)
The most famous paper making machine is the Fourdrinier machine. This process involves taking up processed pulp stock and turning it into a sustainable web that is collected as a reel. Furthermore, the reel is guillotined edge to edge to create large numbers of rectangular sheets correctly because ever since the invention of Gutenberg's press paper has been closely related to printing.
To this day, all other temporary molding and mechanical-design equipment, including typewriters (used up to the 1990s to handle envelopes), have been designed primarily to process rectangular sheets. Hence large sheets in turn are guillotined down to rectangular sheet sizes commonly used in the commercial printing industry, and currently for commonly used sizes as inventories in office-grade computer printers, copiers and duplicators (primarily ISO , A4 and US Letter).
Using any mechanical printing equipment to print on envelopes, which, although rectangular, are actually folded sheets of different thickness all over the surface, calls for skill and attention on the part of the operator. In commercial printing, the job of printing on machine-made envelopes is called "overprinting" and is usually confined to the front of the envelope. If printing is required on all four wings and the front, this process is referred to as "print on a flat". Enchanting drawing envelopes or pictorial envelopes, the origin of which as an artistic genre can be attributed to Mulready stationery - and printed in this way - is used extensively for direct mail. In this case, direct mail envelopes have a history together with propaganda envelopes (or "blankets") as they are called by philatelists.
Current and future envelope conditions
At the end of the 20th century, in 1998, the digital print revolution gave other benefits to small businesses when the US Postal Service became the first postal authority to approve the introduction of envelope systems on the printer tray from PCs. digital frank printer sheets or stamps sent over the Internet. With this innovative alternative to adhesive-backed stamps as the basis for Electronic Stamp Distribution (ESD) services, business envelopes can be manufactured at home, handled and customized with face advertising information, and ready to ship.
The fate of the commercial envelope manufacturing industry and the postal service goes hand in hand, and both are connected to the printing industry and the mechanical envelope processing industry that manufactures equipment such as packing and addressing machines. They are all four symbiosis: technological developments that affect people who clearly illuminate the others: address of address printing machine, postage stamp is printed product, printing machine slamming light on the envelope. If fewer envelopes are needed; fewer stamps needed; fewer machines are needed and fewer addressing machines are required. For example, the emergence and adoption of information-based indicia (IBI) (commonly referred to as digital electronic stamps or digital indicia) by the US Postal Service in 1998 caused widespread concern in the Frank machine industry, as their equipment was effectively considered obsolete and resulted in confusion over lawsuits involving Pitney Bowes among others. The emergence of e-mails in the late 1990s seems to offer a great threat to the postal service. In 2008, postal service providers reported significantly smaller volume of letters, especially patterned envelopes, mainly due to e-mail replacement. Although a corresponding reduction in the required envelope volume will be expected, no such decline is widely reported as a reduction in post-letter volume.
Despite the development of e-mail, there is a substantial threat of "technology in place of tradition", balanced by the same reason that the Universal Postal Union is the international specialized agency of the United Nations, and a source of income for the government. As a result, any damage to domestic and international postal services attended by loss of income is a matter of government concern.
Envelope type
Window envelope
Window envelopes are envelopes with plastic or glass windows in them. The plastic in this envelope creates problems in paper recycling. Consumers who do not want to through the trouble of tearing up plastic windows should put the envelope in the garbage bag after use.
Security envelope
The security envelope has a special tamper-resistant and tamper-evident feature. They are used for high value products and documents as well as evidence for legal proceedings.
Some security envelopes have a patterned color printed on the inside, which makes it difficult to read the contents. Various patterns exist.
Mailers
Some envelopes are available for full size documents. Some operators have large mailing envelopes for their express service. Other similar envelopes are available at the stationery supply location.
These mailers usually have openings at the ends with flaps that can be attached with an adhesive attached, an integral pressure-sensitive adhesive, adhesive tape, or safety tape. Construction usually:
- Cardset
- Corrugated fiberboard
- Polyethylene, often coextrusion
- Nonwoven fabrics
Mailer is off
Delivery envelopes can have bearings to provide stiffness and multiple bearing levels. Padding can be newsprint, plastic foam sheet, or bubble pack.
See also
References
External links
Mayor Ben H. Benjamin (2002). "History of Envelopes" (PDF) . The Association of Envelope Manufacturers. Ã, Available via Smithsonian National Postal MuseumSource of the article : Wikipedia
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