The Doctor of Medicine and Philosophy (MD-PhD) is a double doctorate for physician-scientists, combining vocational training from a Doctor of Medicine degree with Doctor of Philosophy's research skills. This degree is awarded by frequent medical schools through the Medical Scientist Training Program or other non-MSTP MD-PhD programs. The National Institutes of Health currently provides 43 medical schools with a Medical Scientist Training Program Grant that support student training in MD-PhD programs in these institutions through tuition and benefits allowances. These programs are often competitive, with some admitting at least two students per academic year. MCAT and IPK scores of MD-PhD matrices are often higher than the MD matrix only.
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Applications and acceptance
MD-PhD typically requires or prefers candidates who have a background in research, either under a professor as a bachelor or have taken at least a year's gap to work in a laboratory setting. The application process in addition to the personal statements required for the MD application alone also requires two additional essays to explain why an applicant wishes to pursue an MD-PhD and an essay describing their research background.
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Training program
In the United States, an MD-PhD degree may be obtained through a double degree program offered in some medical schools. The idea for an integrated training program began at the Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine in 1956 and quickly spread to other research medical schools. In 1964, through the Head of Program and Evaluation Planning Office Herbert H. Rosenberg, Ph.D., National Institutes of Health (NIH) developed a grant to guarantee some university MD-PhD programs. This funding is distributed through the Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP). There are also non-MSTP double degree programs (for example, the Medical Scholarship Program at the University of Illinois at Chicago, which receives funding through endowments, research assistants, teaching assistants, and out-of-school scholarships). The non-MSTP-funded double degree program has more flexibility and can be extended to other levels than PhD (eg, JD and MBA).
Admission to a double degree program is not a requirement to receive an MD and PhD degree. One has the option of completing each degree separately through a single degree program. However, students are responsible for all medical school fees and do not receive an allowance during their MD education. In addition, since PhD training is not streamlined by medical training, students will need additional time to complete their PhD.
A PhD can also be obtained by a doctor during the residency training period. The combined research and education of undergraduate doctors is offered by a small part of the residency program. This additional education usually extends the residency period of up to three to four years.
Training structure
Pre-doctoral
After matriculating in the MD-PhD program, students will often follow the 2-PhD-2 plan. In this system, students will complete their pre-clinical medical school curriculum (2 years), transition to PhD postgraduate training (3-5 years), and finally complete a clinical rotation (2 years).
Post-doctoral
After receiving a double degree MD-PhD, physician-scientists can choose a variety of career paths. The most common is residency training with additional laboratory training. However, doctor-scientists may also choose to deny residency training, thus having a career that is essentially similar to a conventional PhD scientist. A physician-physician may also choose to work in the private sector without formal academic or formal academic training.
Benefits of dual degree programs
Financial compensation
Some MD-PhD programs (all MSTPs) cover all medical school dues, provide pocket money, and cover health insurance costs.
Residency program
Candidates with a good MD-PhD double degree are seen in most residency programs.
Career Flexibility
Graduates with an MD-PhD degree are generally eligible for a range of careers in medicine and medical research. In addition to graduating from free debt, graduates generally have to stay in the medical field to pay off huge debts if they decide to quit medical and seek employment as a researcher or in the academic world. Like residency, MD-PhD graduates are often given preference in research or academic job applications.
Career path
Most (over 80%) MD-PhD graduates eventually opt to enter academia, government, or industry where medical research is a key component of their task. According to a FASEB study conducted in 2000, NIH financed MSTPs graduates achieve only 2.5% of medical school graduates each year, but after graduation, accounting for about one-third of all NIH research grants are awarded to physicians. Many MD-PhD graduates also practice clinical medicine in their area of ​​expertise.
The leading MD-PhD scientist
- Barry Blumberg - Nobel Laureate 1976 in Physiology or Medicine together with Daniel Gajdusek for their work on prurient human kuru disease
- Francis Collins - Director of the National Institutes of Health and former leader of the Human Genome Project
- James DiCarlo - computational neuroscientist and Head of Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences MIT Alfred G. Gilman - 1994 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Martin Rodbell for their discovery of G-protein
- Robert Satcher - NASA's physician, chemical engineer, and astronaut who became the first orthopedic surgeon in space during STS-129
- Vilayanur S. Ramachandran - A renowned neurologist known for his work in the field of behavioral and psychophysical neurology
- David Satcher - 16th General Surgeon of the United States
- Chi V. Dang - Director of the Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania
See also
- Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program
- Doctor of Medicine
- Doctor of Philosophy
- Biomedical Scientists
- DPT-MPH
- The American Medical College Association
- The American Physician Association of Scientists
References
External links
- MD-PhD Degree Program by the US State
- The American Physician Association of Scientists
- Handbook for MSTP or MD-PhD student candidates written by students, but without quotes.
- MD-PhD: Academic Path to a Career as a Scientist
- MD-PhD Program in Switzerland
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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