mobile phone features is a collection of capabilities, services, and applications they offer to their users. Phones are often referred to as feature phones, and offer basic telephony. Phones with more sophisticated computing capabilities through the use of native code try to differentiate their own products by applying additional functions to make them more appealing to consumers. This has resulted in great innovations in mobile phone development over the past 20 years.
Common components found in all phones are:
- Battery, provides resources for phone functions.
- Input mechanism to allow users to interact with the phone. The most common input mechanism is the keypad, but the touch screen is also found in smartphones.
- Basic mobile phone service to allow users to make calls and send text messages.
- All GSM phones use a SIM card to allow accounts to be swapped between devices. Some CDMA devices also have a similar card called R-UIM.
- GSM Individuals, WCDMA, iDEN, and some satellite phone devices are uniquely identified by the ID number of the International Mobile Device Identity (IMEI).
All cell phones are designed to work on mobile networks and contain a set of standard services that enable phones of different types and in different countries to communicate with each other. However, they can also support other features that various manufacturers have added over the years:
- roaming that allows the same phone to be used in many countries, provided that both operators in that country have a roaming agreement.
- send and receive data and fax (if the computer is attached), access WAP services, and provide full Internet access using technologies such as GPRS.
- apps like clock, alarm, calendar, contacts, and calculator and some games.
- Send and receive images and videos (by no internet) via MMS, and for short distances with eg. Bluetooth.
- On a Multimedia phone, Bluetooth is generally an important feature.
- Integrated or connected GPS receivers (eg using Bluetooth) to mobile phones, primarily to help send emergency responders and crane trucking services. This feature is commonly referred to as E911.
- Push to talk, available on some phones, is a feature that lets users be heard only when the talk button is held, similar to a walkie-talkie.
Video Mobile phone features
Software, apps and services
In the early stages, each mobile phone company has its own user interface, which can be considered a "closed" operating system, because there is minimal configurability. A limited number of basic applications (usually games, accessories like calculators or conversion tools and so on) are usually included with the phone and not otherwise available. Early phones include basic web browsers, to read basic WAP pages. Handhelds (personal digital assistants like Palm, running Palm OS) are more sophisticated and also include more sophisticated browsers and touch screens (for use with the stylus), but these are not widely used, compared to standard phones. Other capabilities like Pulling and Pushing Emails or working with calendars are also made more accessible but usually physical syncing is required (and not wireless). BlackBerry 850, an email pager, released January 19, 1999, was the first device to integrate Email.
The big step towards a more "open" mobile OS is symbian S60 OS, which can be expanded by downloading software (written in C, java or python), and it looks more configurable. In July 2008, Apple introduced its App store, which made downloading mobile apps more accessible. In October 2008, the HTC Dream was the first commercially released device to use Linux-based Android OS, which was bought and further developed by Google and the Open Handset Alliance to create open competitors for other major smartphone platforms at the time (Especially the Symbian operating system, BlackBerry OS, and iOS) - The operating system offers a customizable graphical user interface and notification system featuring a list of the latest messages driven from the app.
The most commonly used data application on the phone is SMS text messaging. The first SMS text messaging was sent from a computer to a mobile phone in 1992 in the United Kingdom, whereas person-to-person SMS from phone to phone was sent in Finland in 1993.
The first mobile news service, delivered via SMS, was launched in Finland in 2000. Mobile news services are evolving with many organizations providing "on demand" news service via SMS. Some also provide "instant message" driven by SMS.
Mobile payments were first tested in Finland in 1998 when two Coca-Cola vending machines in Espoo were enabled to work with SMS payments. Finally, the idea spread and in 1999 the Philippines launched its first commercial mobile payment system, at Globe and Smart mobile operators. Currently, mobile payments from mobile banking to mobile credit cards to mobile commerce are widely used in Asia and Africa, and in select European markets. Usually, SMS service uses short codes.
Some network operators have used USSD for information, entertainment, or financial services (eg M-Pesa).
Other non-SMS data services used on the phone include downloadable mobile music, logos and images, games, gambling, adult entertainment and advertising. The first downloadable mobile content was sold to mobile phones in Finland in 1998, when Radiolinja (now Elisa) introduced a downloadable ringtone service. In 1999, Japanese mobile operator NTT DoCoMo introduced its mobile Internet service, i-Mode, which is currently the world's largest mobile Internet service.
Even after the emergence of smart phones, network operators continue to offer information services, although in some places, such services are becoming less common.
Maps Mobile phone features
Power supply
Mobile phones generally get power from rechargeable batteries. There are various ways to charge your phone, including USB, portable battery, power (using AC adapter), cigarette lighter (using adapter), or dynamo. In 2009, the first wireless charger was released for consumer use. Some manufacturers have experimented with alternative resources, including solar cells.
Various initiatives, such as the EU Common External Power Supply have been announced to standardize the interface to the charger, and to promote energy efficiency of the main operated charger. The star rating system is promoted by several manufacturers, where the most efficient chargers consume less than 0.03 watts and earn five star ratings.
Battery
The popular early mobile phone battery is a nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) type, due to its relatively small size and low weight. Lithium ion batteries are also used, as they are lighter and lack the depression due to long-term over-charging by nickel metal-hydride batteries. Many mobile manufacturers use lithium-polymer batteries as opposed to older lithium-ions, the main advantages of even lower weight and the possibility to make the battery stronger than a tight cube.
SIM card
GSM phones require a small microchip called the Customer Identity Module or SIM card, to work. The SIM card is about the size of a small stamp and is usually placed under the battery at the rear of the unit. SIM securely stores the customer service key (IMSI) used to identify customers on mobile devices (such as mobile phones and computers). The SIM card allows the user to change the phone by simply removing the SIM card from one phone and putting it into another phone or broadband phone device.
The SIM card contains a unique serial number, an international mobile user's unique number (IMSI), security authentication and coding information, temporary information related to the local network, a list of services that a user can access and two passwords (PIN for normal use and PUK for unlock).
The SIM card is available in three standard sizes. The first is a credit card size (85.60 mm × 53.98 mm x 0.76 mm, defined by ISO/IEC 7810 as ID-1). The newer and most popular miniature versions have the same thickness but 25 mm long and 15 mm wide (ISO/IEC 7810 ID-000), and have one corner chamfered to prevent misinsertion. The latest incarnation known as 3FF or micro-SIM has dimensions of 15 mm - 12 mm. Most cards of two smaller sizes are provided as full-size cards with smaller cards stored in place by multiple plastic links; it can be easily broken for use in devices that use a smaller SIM.
The first SIM card was made in 1991 by Munich Giesecke smart card & amp; Devrient for Finnish wireless network operator Radiolinja. Giesecke & amp; Devrient sells the first 300 SIM cards to Elisa (eg Radiolinja).
Mobile phones that do not use SIM cards have data programmed into their memory. This data is accessed by using a special digit sequence to access "NAM" as in "Name" or programming menu number. From there, information can be added, including new phone numbers, Service Provider numbers, new emergency numbers, new Authentication Key or A-Key code, and a Preferred Roaming List or PRL. However, to prevent the phone from being accidentally disabled or removed from the network, the Service Provider usually locks this data with Master Subsidiary Lock (MSL). MSL also locks the device to certain carriers when it is sold as a loss leader.
MSL only applies to SIM, so after the contract expires, MSL is still valid for SIM. The phone, however, is also initially locked by the manufacturer to the MSL Service Provider. This key can be disabled so that the phone can use another Service Provider's SIM card. Most phones purchased outside the U.S. is a phone that is not locked because there are many Service Providers that are close to each other or have overlapping coverage. The cost to unlock the phone varies but it is usually very cheap and is sometimes provided by independent phone vendors.
A similar module called Removable User Identity Module or RUIM card is present on some CDMA networks, especially in China and Indonesia.
Multi-card hybrid phone
Hybrid phones can take more than one SIM card, even of a different type. SIM and RUIM cards can be combined together, and some phones also support three or four SIMs.
From 2010 onwards they become popular in India and Indonesia and other emerging markets, which are associated with a desire to get the lowest on-net call rates. In Q3 2011, Nokia shipped 18 million from a series of low-cost dual SIM phones in an attempt to make up lost ground in the upscale smartphone market.
Views
The phone has a display device, some of which are also touch screens. Screen size varies greatly by model and is usually specified as the width and height in pixels or diagonals measured in inches.
Some phones have more than one view, for example Kyocera Echo, an Android smartphone with a 3.5 inch double screen. The screen can also be incorporated into a single 4.7-inch tablet computer.
Processing unit center
The phone has a central processing unit (CPU), similar to the one on a computer, but is optimized to operate in low-power environments.
The performance of the Mobile CPU depends not only on the clock rate (generally given in hertz multiples) but also the memory hierarchy also greatly affects the overall performance. Due to this problem, mobile phone CPU performance is often more appropriately given by scores derived from standardized tests to measure real effective performance in commonly used applications.
Other features
Other features that can be found on the phone include GPS navigation, music (MP3) and video playback (MP4), RDS radio receiver, built-in projector, vibration and other "silent" ringing options, alarms, memo recording, personal digital assistant functionality, ability to watch streaming video, video download, video call, built-in camera (1.0 Mpx) and camcorder (video recording), with autofocus and flash, ring tone, game, PTT, memory card reader (SD), USB (2.0) , two-way support, infrared, Bluetooth (2.0) and WiFi connectivity, NFC, instant messaging, Internet email and search and functions as a wireless modem.
The first smartphone was the Nokia 9000 Communicator in 1996 that added PDA functionality to basic phones at the time. Due to the miniaturization and enhancement of the processing power of microchip has enabled more and more features added to the phone, the concept of smartphone has evolved, and what is a high-end smartphone five years ago, is the current standard phone.
Several series of mobile phones have been introduced to handle specific market segments, such as RIM BlackBerry that focuses on corporate email/corporate customer needs; SonyEricsson Walkman series phones and Cybershot series of kameraphones; Nokia Nseries from multimedia phones, Palm Pre the HTC Dream, and Apple iPhone.
Nokia and the University of Cambridge are demonstrating a bending phone called Morph. Some phones have an electromechanical transducer on the back that converts electrical sound signals into mechanical vibrations. Vibration flows through the cheekbones or forehead allowing the user to hear the conversation. This is useful in noisy situations or if the user is hard of hearing.
Multi-mode and multi-band phone
Most cellular telephone networks are digital and use GSM, CDMA or iDEN standards that operate on various radio frequencies. This phone can only be used with service packs from the same company. For example, Verizon phones can not be used with T-Mobile services, and vica versa.
Multi-mode phones operate in a variety of different standards while multi-band phones (also known more specifically as dual, tri or quad band phones) are phones designed to work on more than one radio frequency. Some multi-mode phones can operate on analog networks as well (for example, dual band, tri-mode: AMPS 800/CDMA 800/CDMA 1900).
For GSM phones, dual-bands usually mean 850/1900 MHz in the United States and Canada, 900/1800 MHz in Europe and most other countries. Tri-band means 850/1800/1900 MHz or 900/1800/1900 MHz. Quad-band means 850/900/1800/1900 MHz, also called the world phone, because it can work on any GSM network.
Multi-band phones are valuable to enable roaming while multi-mode phones help introduce WCDMA features without customers having to leave wide GSM coverage. Almost every true 3G phone being sold is actually a WCDMA/GSM dual-mode phone . This also applies to 2.75G phones such as those based on CDMA-2000 or EDGE.
Challenges in producing multi-mode phones
The special challenge involved in producing multi-mode phones is in finding ways to share components between different standards. Obviously, the phone's button and screen should be shared, otherwise it would be difficult to be treated as one phone. Beyond that, there are challenges at every level of integration. How difficult this challenge depends on differences between systems. When talking about IS-95/GSM multi-mode phones, for example, or AMPS/IS-95 phones, the processing of the baseball differs greatly from system to system. This causes real difficulties in component integration and so does the larger phones.
An interesting special case of multi-mode phones is the WCDMA/GSM phone. Radio interfaces are very different from each other, but mobile messaging to the core network has a strong similarity, which means that sharing software is fairly easy. Perhaps more importantly, WCDMA air interface has been designed with GSM fit in mind. It has a special operating mode, known as puncture mode, where, instead of continuous transmitting, the phone can stop sending for a short time and try to find a GSM operator in the area. This mode allows for safe cross-frequency interception with channel measurements that can only be approached using "pilot signals" in other CDMA-based systems.
The last interesting case is the phone that includes the DS-WCDMA and MC-CDMA 3G variants of the CDMA-2000 protocol. Initially, this phone chip level is not compatible. As part of the negotiations related to the patent, it is agreed to use compatible chip level. This means that, despite the fact that the air and interface systems are very different, even at the philosophical level, much of the hardware for each system in the phone must be the same as the difference that is largely limited to software.
Data communications
Mobile phones are now widely used for data communications. such as SMS messages, browsing mobile websites, and even streaming audio and video files. The main limiting factors are screen size, lack of keyboard, processing power and connection speed. Most phones, which support data communications, can be used as a wireless modem (via cable or bluetooth), to connect a computer to the internet. Such access methods are slow and expensive, but can be available in very remote areas.
With newer smartphones, the screen resolution and processing power get bigger and better. Some new mobile phone CPUs run over 1 GHz. Many complex programs are now available for various smartphones, such as Symbian and Windows Mobile.
The connection speed is based on network support. Initially data transfer via GSM network is possible only through circuit switched data (CSD), it has bandwidth of 9600 bit/s and is usually charged by connection time (from a network point of view, not much different from voice call). Then, introduced CSD - HSCSD upgrade (high speed CSD), can use some time slot for downlink, increase speed. Maximum speed for HSCSD is ~ 42 kbit/s, also billed by time. Then introduced GPRS (general radio package service), which operates on a completely different principle. It can also use multiple time slots for transfers, but it does not bind radio resources, when it does not transfer data (as opposed to CSD and likes). GPRS is usually prioritized under voice and CSD, so the latency is large and varied. Then, GPRS is upgraded to EDGE, which differs mainly by radio modulation, squeezing more data capacity in the same radio bandwidth. GPRS and EDGE are usually billed on the basis of the volume of data traffic. Some phones also feature full Qwerty keyboard, like LG enV.
Starting April 2006, some models, such as the Nokia 6680, support 3G communications. Such phones have access to the Web through the free download of the Opera web browser. The Verizon Wireless model comes with Internet Explorer loaded onto the phone.
Virus vulnerability
As more and more complex features are added to the phone, they become more vulnerable to viruses that exploit flaws in this feature. Even text messages can be used in attacks by worms and viruses. Sophisticated phones capable of sending email can be vulnerable to viruses that can multiply by sending messages through the phone's address book. In some mobile phone models, USSD is exploited for triggering factory reset, resulting in deletion of data and user reset.
Viruses can allow unauthorized users to access the phone to find passwords or company data stored on the device. In addition, they can be used to confiscate the phone to make calls or send messages at the owner's expense.
Mobile phones used to have an exclusive operating system only for manufacturers that have beneficial effects make it more difficult to design mass attacks. However, the emergence of software platforms and operating systems owned by many manufacturers such as Java, Microsoft operating system, Linux, or Symbian OS, can increase the spread of the virus in the future.
Bluetooth is a feature now found in many high-end phones, and the Caribe virus hijacks this functionality, making Bluetooth phones infect other Bluetooth phones running Symbian OS. In early November 2004, several websites began offering special software that promises ring tones and screensavers for certain phones. Those who downloaded the software found that it changed every icon on the phone screen into a cross-and-cross skeleton and turned off their phone so they could no longer send or receive text messages or access the contact list or calendar. The virus has since been nicknamed "Skull" by security experts. The Commwarrior-A virus was identified in March 2005, and attempted to replicate itself via MMS to others on the phone contact list. Like Cabir, Commwarrior-A also tries to communicate via a Bluetooth wireless connection with other devices, which can eventually cause battery drain. This virus requires user intervention for propagation.
The Bluetooth phone is also subject to bluejacking, which, though not a virus, allows the transmission of unwanted messages from anonymous Bluetooth users.
Camera
Most phones today also have built-in digital cameras (see camera phones), which can have resolutions as high as 38M pixels. This raises concerns about privacy, given the possibility of voyeurism, for example in a swimming pool. South Korea has ordered manufacturers to ensure that all new handsets emit beeps every time an image is taken.
Voice recording and video recording are often also possible. Most people do not walk with a video camera, but carry a phone. The arrival of video camera phones alters the availability of video for consumers, and helps fuel citizen journalism.
See also
- Mobile games
- Ringtones
- Smartphone
- Latest Android Phone Price
- The phone form factor
- Wallpaper
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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