nutritional fact labels (also known as nutrition information panels , and a few other variations) are the necessary labels on most packaged foods in many countries. Updates can be infrequent. For example, the United States established a rule for the Nutrition Facts panel in 1990 and did not revise the rule until 2016.
Most countries also released an overall nutrition guide for general education purposes. In some cases, guidelines are based on different dietary targets for different nutrients rather than labels on certain foods.
Video Nutrition facts label
Australia and New Zealand
Australia and New Zealand use nutritional information panels of the following format:
Other items are properly inserted, and units may be varied accordingly (eg replacing ml for g, or mmol for mg in the 'Sodium' line). In April 2013 the New Zealand government introduced rules on common claims made on food packaging, such as 'low fat'.
Maps Nutrition facts label
Canada
In Canada, the standard "Nutrition Facts" label was introduced as part of a regulation passed in 2003, and became mandatory for most ready-to-use food products on December 12, 2005. (Smaller businesses were given until December 12, 2007 to provide the information.). In accordance with the food packaging laws of this country, all information, including nutrition labels, must be written in English and French, the official two languages ​​of the country.
Canadian regulations strictly control the way in which nutritional fact table data (NFT) is placed. There are a variety of possible formats for use in certain food packages. The choice hierarchy is used to choose among many formats (28 main formats, and 2-7 sub formats for each). This results in a standard (vertical) format that is considered for use before the format is horizontal and linear. The election hierarchy also allows NFT to occupy no more than 15% of the available physical packet display area (ADS), but never smaller than the format to be & lt; = 15% of ADS. In practice, specifying the ADS package, and selecting the appropriate NFT format, can be a detailed calculation.
China
In 2011, the Chinese Ministry of Health issued a National Food Safety Standard for the Labeling of Packaged Food Nutrition (GB 28050-2011). The core nutrients that should be on the label are: protein, fat, carbohydrates, and sodium. Energy is recorded in kJ. And all values ​​must be per 100g/100ml.,
European Union
It is governed by the Commission Directive 2008/100/EC of 28 October 2008 amending Council Directive 90/496/EEC on the nutrition label for foodstuffs in terms of recommended daily allowances, energy conversion factors and definitions. The new rules are now in force (Rule 1169/2011). Labeling of nutrients becomes mandatory for most pre-packaged foods since December 2016.
In the EU, along the "old" rules (Directive 90/496, altered), information (usually in panel form) is most often labeled "Nutrition Information" (or equivalent in other EU languages). The example is shown on the right. The panel is optional, but if provided, the specified content and format must be followed. It will always provide values ​​for the specified quantity - 100 g (3.5 oz) or 100 m (3.5 o, impÃ, flÃ, oz; 3,4 Ã, US flÃ, oz) of the product - and often also to "serve" is defined, as an option. First will emerge energy value, in kilocalories and kilojoules.
Then there will be damage to the constituent elements: usually most or all of the proteins, carbohydrates, starches, sugars, fats, fiber and sodium. These "fat" numbers are likely to be broken down into saturated and unsaturated fats, while "carbohydrate" figures tend to substitute sugar. With the "new" rule, mandatory information is: energy, fat, saturated, carbohydrates, sugar, protein and salt, in a specific order, with the option to expand this list to: mono-unsaturate, polyunsaturates, polyols, starch, and minerals.
With regards to health claims and nutritional claims (composition), these are aligned in the EU through Regulation 1924/2006, amended. In November 2012, the European Commission issued two new regulations: Regulation (EC) No. 1047/2012 and Regulation (EC) No.1048/2012. Certain groups of nutritional claims under Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 shall be amended. In addition, health claims associated with beta-gluten barley have been altered (eg lower blood cholesterol).
In Regulation 1924, there are legal definitions of terms such as "low fat", "high fiber", "reduced calories".
All health claims have been aligned in the European Union. They can be used if they have been approved by EFSA. The list of approved and denied claims is available on the website.
By providing complete nutrition information displayed on the package, additional nutrition information and formats (eg traffic light rating system) may be included and this is outside the scope of the regulation.
UK regulations are given in Schedule 6 and 7 of Food Label Regulations 1996.
Hong Kong
In Hong Kong, nutrition fact labels are governed by subsidiary laws of the Food and Drug Administration (Composition and Labeling) (Amendment: Requirements for Labeling of Nutrition and Nutritional Claims) 2008.
India
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has, on September 19, 2008, notified the Food Pollution Prevention (Fifth Amendment Rules), 2008, requiring packaged food manufacturers to announce on their product label nutrition and marking information from FPO or Agmark (The company responsible for checking food products) to allow consumers to make informed choices when buying. Prior to this amendment, disclosure of nutritional information was largely voluntary although many large producers tended to adopt international practice.
Mexico
Food products sold in Mexico use the NOM-051-SCFI-1994 "Información nutriment" product labeling standard, very similar to the "Nutritional Facts" in the US. The Official Mexican Standard, or NOM (Norma Oficial Mexicana), developed by Mexico's Secretary of Commerce and Industry Promotion (SecretariÃÆ'a de Comercio y Fomento Industrial), is now part of the Secretary for the Economy SECOFI). It came into force on January 24, 1996 and defines "General specifications for pre-packaging food and beverage labeling."
United States
In the United States, the Nutrition Facts label lists the recommended percentages that are recommended to be met, or restricted, in one day human nutrition based on a daily diet of 2,000 calories.
With certain exceptions, such as foods intended for babies, the following Daily Value is used. This is called the Daily Intake Reference (RDI) value and was originally based on the 1968 highest Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for each nutrient to ensure that the needs of all ages and sex combinations are met. This is older than the recommended current dietary allowance of food reference intake. For vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and manganese, the current highest RDA is up to 50% higher than the Daily Value used in labeling, while for other nutrients, the recommended requirement has been lost. down. Side by side table of old and new Adult Value, Daily Value provided at Daily Intake Reference. In October 2010, the only micronutrients needed to be included on all labels were vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, and iron. To determine the level of nutrients in food, companies can develop or use databases, and this can be voluntarily submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration for review.
In addition, there is a requirement for the ingredients listed in the order from highest to lowest quantity, according to their weight.
The label is mandated for most food products under the terms of the Nutrition Labeling and Nutrition Act 1990 (NLEA), as recommended by the US Food and Drug Administration. It was one of several controversial acts taken during the FDA Board of Commissioners' tenure. David Kessler. The law requires food companies to start using new food labels on packaged foods starting May 8, 1994. (Meat and poultry products are not covered by NLEA, although the US Department of Agriculture proposes similar regulations for voluntary labeling of raw meat and poultry.) Foods labeled before that day can use old labels. It appeared on all products in 1995. Old label entitled "Nutrition Information Per Serving" or simply, "Nutrition Information".
The label begins with standard portion measurements, the second listed calorie, and then follows are the details of its constituent elements. Always listed total fat, sodium, carbohydrates and protein; Other nutrients that are usually displayed can be suppressed, if they are zero. Usually all 15 nutrients are present: calories, calories from fat, fat, saturated fat, trans fat, cholesterol, sodium, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, sugar, protein, vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium and iron.
Products containing less than 5 g of fat show the amount rounded to the nearest 0.5 g. Amount less than 0.5 g rounded to 0 g. For example, if a product contains 0.45 g trans fat per portion, and the package contains 18 servings, the label will show 0 g of trans fat, although the actual product contains a total of 8.1 g of trans fat.
In addition to nutritional labels, the product may display certain nutritional information or health claims on the packaging. These health claims are only allowed by the FDA for "eight diets and proven health-based health relations", including: calcium and osteoporosis, wheat products containing fiber, fruits and vegetables and cancers, fruits, vegetables and grain products- grains containing fiber - especially soluble fiber - and the risk of coronary heart disease, fat and cancer, saturated fat and cholesterol and coronary heart disease, sodium and hypertension, and folate and neural tube defects. The Institute of Medicine recommends this label contains the most useful nutritional information for consumers: saturated fats, trans fats, sodium, calories, and serving sizes. In January 2011, food producers and grocery stores announced plans to showcase some of this nutritional information on processed foods.
Nutrition fact labels currently appear in more than 6.5 billion food packages. President Bill Clinton issued a design excellence award for nutrition fact labels in 1997 to Burkey Belser in Washington, DC.
The FDA does not require any special fonts to be used in the Nutrition Facts label, which only requires that the label "use an easily readable style style", even if the sample label uses Helvetica. However, as regulated by the FDA and the USDA, it is mandatory for certain information contained in the label to be written in English, including: product name, net quantity, portion size and number of servings per package, nutritional facts, list material and manufacturer name or distributor. The smallest letter should be at least 1/16 inch high (1.5875 millimeters), based on the height of the lowercase "o".
In 2009, the federal appeals court rejected the New York State Restaurant Association's challenge to 2007 municipal regulations requiring most fast-food restaurants and chain restaurants to prominently display calorie information on their menus. The rules apply to restaurants that are part of a chain with at least 15 companies doing business nationwide.
Alcoholic drinks are under the jurisdiction of the Tax and Trade Bureau of Alcohol and Tobacco (TTB), and by 2012 are not required to have nutritional facts labels. At least since 2003, consumer groups have lobbied the TTB to require that labeling disclose relevant information. Marketing terms like "light" for beer and wine, and "table wine" do have special requirements, and in some cases, alcohol content should be disclosed.
In January 2006, Trans fat should be listed under saturated fat. This is the first significant change in the Nutrition Facts panel since its introduction in 1993.
Revision Panel to Nutrition Facts
In 2014, the US Food and Drug Administration proposed several simultaneous improvements to the labeling of nutrients for the first time in more than 20 years. The proposed changes are based on nutritional consumption trends that are important for public health. However, research has shown that the majority of the US population can not understand the information in the current nutritional facts label. The calculation of nutrition labels is very low in older individuals, blacks and Hispanic/ethnic, unemployed, born outside the US, have lower English proficiency, lower educational attainment, lower income, or live in the South.
The proposed changes include new designs that require portion sizes to more accurately reflect how much the average portion an individual consumes. This new recommendation also proposes removing "calories from fat", and instead focuses on the total calories and types of fat consumed in a product. The proposed label should also include how much sugar is added (not attached) to a product, as well as stating the amount of Vitamin D and potassium in a product. Some of these changes sparked a great debate between the food industry and public health agencies. Proposals to show added sugars during food production, in particular, are brought forward by the FDA as a measure to counter increasing per capita sugar consumption in the US, which over the past few decades has exceeded the limits recommended by scientific institutions and government agencies. The main American food associations opposed the label change, which showed "lack of service" and "no more evidence" to justify the inclusion of added sugars in the new label.
The rules for the new designs are completed on May 20, 2016. Manufacturers were originally awarded until July 26, 2018 to comply (or July 26, 2019 if they had less than $ 10 million in annual food sales). The rules proposed by the FDA will extend the compliance deadline by 1 January 2020 (or January 1, 2021 for eligible small businesses). For food and supplemental dietary supplements, the number of essential vitamins and minerals in the portion is expressed as a percent of Daily Value (% DV). Many definitions of 100% Daily Value change as part of revisions. The old and new daily Adult Value table is given in Daily Intake References.
Misleading Nutritional Facts in Food Labels
The FDA is constantly updating and changing its guidelines to help inform consumers and keep them away from misleading labels. Food producers and their marketing techniques are constantly looking for ways to circumvent existing regulations. Of the many misleading claims and labels in question, the use of the "Healthy" label on various foods has been a particular problem for many food quality advocacy groups. In their comments to the FDA, the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) urged FDA officials to address any discrepancies between current nutritional/dietary standards recommendations and their definitions, CSPI argues that the current definition is too ambiguous and lowers health. standards that allow processed foods with minimal and low nutritional value to use this definition to persuade consumers to make poor health choices. CSPI claims that the current FDA guidance on this issue can be potentially misleading and may encourage customers to consume unhealthy food without making a decision. CSPI and their research suggest that new standards and more adequate definitions will make it more difficult for processed food brands to obtain and misuse the "healthy" food label, which ultimately gives consumers better ability to make decisions based on nutritional and health qualities. of the food they consume compared to relatively unfounded claims.
In addition to using the label of "healthy" food to attract customers to low-nutritious foods, food marketers have used various "low content," such as low-fat, low-calorie, etc. claims to reduce consumer health problems and potentially mislead them. "Low content" claims are other advertised labels or claims that appear in the package and or in advertisements are used so that consumers see the products they buy as healthier or more nutritious products. Misleading food health claims of this nature are widespread in the marketing of food and also do not reflect the actual nutritional or health qualities of the food or beverages concerned. These claims are not consistent among all food and beverage groups, although some of them accurately represent the nutritional and/or health benefits of certain foods or beverages, often this does not guarantee that all claims in all drinks and foods reflect actual nutrition.. In addition, even if a particular product is actually low fat or one of the various "low content" claims, consumers often focus on claims and ignore other health considerations such as added sugars, calories, and other unhealthy ingredients.
Food Industry constantly confuses consumers. Some of the basic reasons people are misled are because terms like natural, non-transgenic, trans-fat, or halal do not have a consistent definition for the consumer to follow. Without a clear standard or definition, this claim is not informative about the actual nutritional content of the food in question. Non-GMO products are often mistakenly organic, simply because they are certified as non-GMOs. Conventally grown crops such as corn, canola, and soybeans can be certified as non-GMO if planted without genetically modified seeds. Many snack chips are sold in stores using non-transgenic ingredients grown with chemical pesticides. Non-GMO does not mean non-GMO certified. Many food products and nutritional products claim to be non-GMOs but do not provide that status certification. Any company that self-proclaimed its products to non-GMOs should support it with certification. Trans-Fat Free does not mean the food is free of trans fats. In fact, in the US alone, the FDA currently allows foods containing up to 0.5 g trans fat per portion to claim zero grams of trans fat per portion, which is completely misleading.
Choosing one type of food over another for reasons like products that claim they are all natural or fat free does not necessarily mean healthier. The FDA does not define "natural" but if labeled so, food should not contain additional colors, artificial flavors, or synthetic substances. However, natural labeled foods may contain preservatives. Companies will argue that natural products containing high fructose corn syrup are healthy because they come from corn. No items are added sugar that is often purchased but also not fully understood. Foods such as fruits, milk, cereals, and vegetables naturally contain sugar. Although sugar may not be added, they still contain natural sugar. This sugar-free product may contain additional ingredients such as maltodextrin, which is a carbohydrate. Carbohydrates may be simple sugars or complex starches that can increase blood sugar. Just because "no sugar added" is labeled does not mean the product is either calorie free or carbohydrate-free that most consumers often misunderstand. Most consumers do not know about the actual nutritional content of their food and rely heavily on food labels and the claims provided on the package. Excessive dependence on these different claims has many implications including inappropriate customer purchases and excessive consumption of unhealthy foods.
FDA Guide
The FDA has guidelines for what is considered a misleading label. There are rules for font size and what to name the food product. His name must include what the food actually means, if the food is carrot cans, the tin must have carrots on the label. If the official name for the food does not exist, then the label should give the consumer some idea of ​​what the food contains. The FDA declares that its name must be an "identity statement", meaning the company can not create a new name for an existing food. Something should be called an imitation if the nutritional value is significantly different from the original food. With drinks/drinks that want to be called juice, must have a percentage of fruit or vegetables in the juice. The name of the juice should come from a more prominent fruit or vegetable based on its volume. For example Coca-Cola tries to sell pomegranate juice (POM Wonderful) with only 0.3% pomegranates in it, so they have to change the label. For drinks/drinks called juice it should be 100% juice; if it is less than 100%, then it should be called a drink or a drink.
Consumer Marketing and Perception
Many companies have started using their packaging for food as a marketing tool. Words like "healthy", "low fat", and "natural" have contributed to the so-called health halo effect, which when consumers overestimate the health of goods based on claims on packaging. Today, food companies combine higher grains and fiber into their products to advertise these benefits. With that in mind, there is no set amount of items required in a particular product to be able to advertise these benefits, so it's important to note that companies that advertise this may not be as healthy as they want to appear.
Other studies have shown that marketing for food products has shown an effect on consumers' perceptions of buying intent and taste of the product. One particular study conducted by Food and Brand Lab researchers at Cornell University looked at how Organic labels affect consumer perceptions. This study concludes that the label that claims the product is an "organic" perception altered in various ways. Consumers consider these foods to have fewer calories and state that they are willing to pay up to 23.4% more for the product. It feels like it should be "lower fat" for organic products than the usual ones. Finally, the study concluded that people who do not regularly read nutritional labels and who do not regularly buy organic food products are the most vulnerable to this example of a health halo effect. It is therefore now important for consumers to be aware of the way in which food companies change their nutrition labels.
See also
- Diet (nutrition)
- Food energy
- List of food labeling rules
- Food nutrition table
- Nutrition scale
- Portion size
- The Atwater System (for calculating available food energy)
- Non-GMO Projects
- Quack Miranda Warning
References
External links
- US Food and Drug Administration Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition: Food Labels
- Canadian Health: Nutrition Labels
- U.K. Food Standards Agency: Labeling
- 21 CFR 101.9 (The actual text of labeling rules in the US.)
- EU website on nutrition labeling
- "Label and Goods" Krafty "More"
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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