The screen resolution or digital television viewing mode, computer monitor or display device is the number of different pixels in each displayable dimension. This can be an ambiguous term especially because the displayed resolution is controlled by different factors in the display of cathode ray tubes (CRTs), flat panel displays (including liquid crystal displays) and projection displays using fixed-pixel elements (pixels).
Usually quoted as wide ÃÆ'â € "high , with units in pixels: for example," 1024 ÃÆ'â € "768" means the width is 1024 pixels and 768 pixels high. This example is usually pronounced as "ten twenty-four by seven sixty-eight" or "ten twenty-four by seven six eight".
One use of the term "display resolution" applies to fixed-pixel displays such as plasma display panels (PDP), liquid crystal display (LCD), Light Processing Digital (DLP) projectors, OLED screens, and similar technology, and only the physical number of columns and rows pixels that create a view (eg 1920 ÃÆ'â € "1080). The consequence of having a fixed-grid screen is that, for multi-format video input, all displays require a "scaling engine" (digital video processor that includes a memory array) to match the format of the incoming image to the screen.
For device displays like phones, tablets, monitors, and televisions, the use of resolution as defined above is wrong, though common. The term "screen resolution" is usually used to mean pixel dimensions, the number of pixels in each dimension (eg 1920 × 1080), which tells nothing about the pixel density of the display in which the image is actually formed: true resolution refers to pixel density, number of pixels per unit distance or area, not number number of pixels. In digital measurement, the screen resolution will be given in pixels per inch (PPI). In analog measurements, if the screen is 10 inches high, then the horizontal resolution is measured with a width of 10 inches square. For television standards, this is usually expressed as "horizontal line resolution, per image height"; for example, analogue NTSC TVs can usually display about 340 lines of "horizontal" high-resolution "resolution from an air source, equivalent to about 440 lines of actual image information from the left edge to the right edge.
Video Display resolution
Considerations
Some commentators also use screen resolution to show the various input formats that will be received by electronic display input and often include a format larger than the original grid size of the screen though it must be lowered to adjust the display parameters (eg accepting 1920 × 1080 inputs on the screen with 1366 ÃÆ'â € "768 pixel array original). In the case of television input, many manufacturers will take input and enlarge it to "exaggerate" the screen by 5% so that the input resolution does not necessarily display the resolution.
Eye perception of display resolution can be affected by a number of factors - see image resolution and optical resolution. One factor is the rectangular shape of the display screen, expressed as the ratio of the physical image width to the height of the physical image. This is known as the aspect ratio. The physical aspect ratio of the screen and the aspect ratio of individual pixels may not always be the same. The 1280 ÃÆ'â € "720 array on the 16: 9 screen has square pixels, but the array of 1024 ÃÆ'â €" 768 on the 16: 9 screen has a long pixel.
Examples of pixel shapes that affect "resolution" or perceived sharpness: displaying more information in a smaller area using higher resolution makes the image clearer or "sharper". However, the latest display technology remains at a certain resolution; making lower resolutions on this type of screen will greatly reduce the sharpness, because the interpolation process is used to "fix" the non-native input into the display's native resolution output.
While some CRT-based displays may use digital video processing that involves scaling images using memory arrays, ultimately the "display resolution" in CRT type display is influenced by different parameters such as spot and focus size, astigmatic effect in viewing angle, phosphor pitch shadow mask (such as Trinitron) in color display, and video bandwidth.
Maps Display resolution
Interlacing versus progressive scanning
Overscan and underscan
Most of the television screen manufacturers "overscan" the images on their screens (CRT and PDP, LCD etc.), so that the image on the effective screen can be reduced from 720 Ã,  ⠀ "576Ã, (480) to 680Ã, ÃÆ' â € 550 (450), for example. The size of the invisible area is somewhat dependent on the display device. HD television also does this, to the same degree.
Computer displays including projectors are generally not overscan although many models (especially CRT displays) allow it. CRT views tend to be included in stock configuration, to compensate for increased angular distortion.
Standard is now
Television
Television is the following resolution:
- Standard definition television (SDTV):
- 480i (the NTSC-compatible digital standard uses two interlaced fields of 243 rows each)
- 576i (PAL-compatible digital standard uses two interlaced fields of 288 rows each)
- Television with enhanced definition (EDTV):
- 480p (720 ÃÆ'â € "480 progressive scan)
- 576p (720 ÃÆ'â € "576 progressive scans)
- High-definition television (HDTV):
- HD (1280 ÃÆ'â € "720 progressive scanning)
- Full HDi (1920 ÃÆ'â € "1080 is divided into two interconnected fields with 540 lines)
- Full HD (1920 ÃÆ'â € "1080 progressive scanning)
- High-definition ultra-high-definition television (UHDTV):
- 4K UHD (3840 ÃÆ'â € "2160 progressive scanning)
- DCI 4K (4096 ÃÆ'â € "2160)
- 8K UHD (7680 ÃÆ'â € "4320 progressive scan)
Computer monitor
Computer monitors have traditionally had higher resolutions than most televisions.
2000s
In July 2002, 1024 ÃÆ'â € "768 eXtended Graphics Array was the most common display resolution. Many web sites and multimedia products are redesigned from the previous 800 ÃÆ'â € 600 format to an optimized layout for 1024 ÃÆ'â € "768.
The availability of cheap LCD monitors has made the 5: 4 aspect ratio resolution 1280 Ã-1024 more popular for desktop use during the first decade of the 21st century. Many computer users including CAD users, graphic artists and video game players run their computers at a resolution of 1600 × 1200 (UXGA) or higher like 2048 × 1536 QXGA if they have the necessary equipment. Other available resolutions include oversized aspects such as 1400 × 1050 SXGA and wide aspects such as 1280 × 800 WXGA, 1440 × 900 WXGA, 1680 × 1,050 WSXGA, and 1920 × 1200 WUXGA; Monitors built with 720p and 1080p standards are also unusual between home media and video game players, due to the perfect screen compatibility with the release of movies and video games. Newer resolution of HD 2560 × 1600 WQXGA was released on a 30-inch LCD monitor in 2007.
2010s
As of March 2012, 1366 ÃÆ'â € "768 is the most common display resolution.
In 2010, a 27-inch LCD monitor with a resolution of 2560 ÃÆ'â € "1440-pixel was released by many manufacturers including Apple, and in 2012, Apple introduced the 2880 ÃÆ'â €" 1800 screen on the MacBook Pro. Panels for professional environments, such as medical use and air traffic control, support resolutions up to 4096 ÃÆ'â € "2160 pixels.
General screen resolution
- Notes
- Steam user statistics collected from Steam network users in its hardware survey in May 2018.
- Web user statistics are collected from visitors to two and a half million websites, during May 2017.
- These numbers do not represent typical computer users.
When the computer display resolution is set higher than the physical screen resolution ( native resolution ), some video drivers make the virtual screen scroll over the physical screen to realize a two-dimensional virtual desktop with its viewport. Most LCD manufacturers take note of the native resolution of the panel as working in non-pribumi resolution on the LCD will produce a worse picture, because dropping pixels to make a fitting image (when using DVI) or inadequate sampling of analog signals (when using VGA connector ). Some CRT manufacturers will cite real original resolution, because CRTs are analogue and can vary the screen from as low as 320 ÃÆ'â € 200 (emulation of old computer or game console) to as high as the internal board will allow, or the picture becomes too detailed for vacuum tubes to make reset (ie ie , analog blur). Thus, CRT provides variability in resolutions that can not be provided by LCD resolutions.
In recent years, the 16: 9 aspect ratio has become more common in notebook displays. 1366 ÃÆ'â € "768 (HD) has become popular for most notebook sizes, while 1600 ÃÆ'â €" 900 (HD) and 1920 ÃÆ'â € "1080 (FHD) is available for larger notebooks.
As far as digital cinematography is concerned, the video resolution standard depends first on the aspect ratio of frames in the stock of film (which is usually scanned for post-medium production digital) and then on the actual points count. Although there is no set of standard sizes that are unique, it is commonplace in the film industry to refer to quality "image", where n is (small, usually even) integer numbers are translated into a set of actual resolutions, depending on the format of the movie. As a reference consider that, for a 4: 3 aspect ratio (about 1.33: 1) in which the frame of the film (no matter what format) is expected horizontally accordingly , n is multiplier 1024 so that the horizontal resolution is exactly 1024 on points. For example, the 2K reference resolution is 2048 ÃÆ'â € "1536 pixels, while the 4K reference resolution is 4096 ÃÆ'â €" 3072 pixels. However, 2K can also refer to resolutions such as 2048 ÃÆ'â € "1556 (full-aperture), 2048 ÃÆ'â €" 1152 (HDTV, 16: 9 aspect ratio) or 2048 ÃÆ'â € "872 pixels (Cinemascope aspect ratio, 2.35 : 1). It is also worth noting that while the frame resolution may be, for example, 3: 2 (720 ÃÆ'â € "480 NTSC), it is not what you would see on screen (ie 4: 3 or 16: 9 depending on the orientation of rectangular pixels ).
Standard evolution
Many personal computers introduced in the late 1970s and 1980s were designed to use television receivers as their display devices, making the resolution dependent on the television standards used, including PAL and NTSC. Image sizes are usually limited to ensure visibility of all pixels in major television standards and wide range of televisions with varying amounts of scanning. The drawable area of ​​the image is actually, therefore, somewhat smaller than the whole screen, and is usually surrounded by static colored borders (see picture to right). In addition, interlacing scanning is usually eliminated to provide more stability to the image, effectively reducing half of the ongoing vertical resolution. 160 Ã, ÃÆ'â € "200, 320Ã, ÃÆ'â €" 200 and 640Ã, ÃÆ'â € "200 on the NTSC is a relatively common resolution in that era (224, 240 or 256 scanlines are also common). In the world of IBM PCs, this resolution is then used by the EGA 16-color video card.
One of the disadvantages of using classical television is that a higher-resolution computer screen than a television can decode. Chroma resolution for NTSC/PAL television is limited to a maximum bandwidth of 1.5 megahertz, or about 160 pixels wide, which causes color blurring for 320 or 640 wide signals, and makes text difficult to read (see right second picture). Many users upgrade to higher-quality televisions with S-Video or RGBI inputs that help remove chroma blur and produce a more readable view. The earliest and cheapest cost solution for chroma problems is offered in the Atari 2600 and Apple II Computer Video System, both offering the option to disable color and see old black-and-white signals. At Commodore 64, GEOS reflects Mac OS method using black and white to improve readability.
Resolution 640 ÃÆ'â € "400i (720 ÃÆ'â €" 480i with a disabled limit) was first introduced by home computers such as the Commodore Amiga and, later, the Atari Falcon. These computers use interlacing to increase maximum vertical resolution. This mode is only suitable for graphics or games, because flashing interlacing makes reading texts in word processing, databases, or spreadsheet software difficult. (Modern console games solve this problem by pre-filtering 480i video to lower resolutions.For example, Final Fantasy XII suffers flicker when the filter is turned off, but stabilizes after filtering is restored.Computers in the 1980s did not have enough power to run software similar filtering.)
The advantages of 720 ÃÆ' 480i overscanned computer is an easy interface with interlaced TV production, leading to the development of Newtek Video Toaster. This device allows Amigas to be used for CGI creation in various news departments (eg weather overlays), drama programs such as NBC's seaQuest , The WB's Babylon 5 , and early-generation animation computers by Disney for The Little Mermaid, Beauty and the Beast
In the PC world, the IBM PS/2 VGA (multi-color) onboard graphics chip uses a more readable (progressive) 640 Ã-480 color resolution that is more useful for office work. It was the standard resolution from 1990 to about 1996. The default resolution is 800 × 600 up to about 2000. Microsoft Windows XP, released in 2001, is designed to run at 800 × 600 minimums, although it is possible to select the original 640 ÃÆ'â € "480 in the Advanced Settings window.
Programs designed to mimic older hardware such as Atari, Sega, or Nintendo (emulator) game console when connected to a multiscan CRT, routinely use much lower resolutions, such as 160 × 200 or 320 × 400 for greater authenticity, although other emulators have exploited pixelation recognition on other circular, square, triangle, and geometric features at lower resolutions for higher-vector rendering.
Used
List of general display resolution articles lists the most common display resolutions used for computer graphics, television, movies, and video conferencing.
See also
- The computer display standard has a list of display resolution details (eg VGA 640 ÃÆ'â € "480, WUXGA 1920 ÃÆ'â €" 1200, etc.).
- Display aspect ratio
- View size
- Graphical display resolution
- List of common resolutions
- The density of the Computer display pixel - PPI (for example, the 2080-inch 1680 × 1050 screen has PPI 99.06)
- Independence resolution
- Video scaler
- Widescreen
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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