Freestyle Wrestling is an amateur wrestling style practiced all over the world. Together with Greco-Roman, this is one of the two wrestling styles contested at the Olympics. American colleges and college wrestling are conducted under different rules and are called scholastic wrestling and college.
Freestyle wrestling, like college wrestling, has its greatest origins in catch-as-catch-can wrestling and, in both styles, the ultimate goal is to throw and pin an opponent into the mat, which results in immediate victory. Freestyle and college wrestling, unlike Greco-Roman, allows the use of wrestlers or their opponents' legs in offense and defense. Freestyle wrestling brings together traditional wrestling, judo, and sambo techniques.
According to the world wrestling body, United World Wrestling (UWW), freestyle wrestling is one of the four main forms of amateur competitive wrestling practiced internationally today. Other major forms of wrestling are Greco-Roman and grappling (also called wrestling filings). The Executive Council of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) recommended dropping the wrestling as a sport from the 2020 Olympics, but the decision was later canceled by the IOC.
Video Freestyle wrestling
Histori
Modern freestyle wrestling, according to UWW (formerly FILA), is said to have originated from England and the United States under the name of "catch-as-catch-can" wrestling. "Catch-as-catch-can" wrestling has certain followers in the United Kingdom and the variant developed in Lancashire has a special effect on freestyle wrestling. "Catch-as-catch-can" wrestling gained immense popularity in fairs and festivals during the 19th century. In catch-as-catch-can wrestling, both contestants begin to stand and then the wrestler tries to hold his opponent's shoulder to the ground (known as the fall). If no score falls, both wrestlers continue to wrestle on the ground, and almost all handles and techniques are allowed. A Lancashire Scottish wrestling variant also became popular that began with a wrestler standing chest to the chest, holding each other with his hands locked around the body and, if no fall was made, with the match continuing on the ground. In addition, there is an Irish collar-and-elbow style, in which the wrestler starts to stand with the two wrestlers holding each other with the collar with one hand and elbow with the other. If the wrestler does not reach the fall, the contestant will continue to stand and on the ground until it falls. Irish immigrants then brought this wrestling style to the United States, where it soon spread, mainly due to the success of the Potomac Army wrestling champion, George William Flagg of Vermont. Catch-as-catch can is a style performed by at least half a dozen US presidents, including George Washington, Zachary Taylor, Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Johnson, Ulysses S. Grant, and Theodore Roosevelt.
Due to the extensive interest and appreciation of professional Greco-Roman wrestling and its popularity in many international meetings in nineteenth-century Europe, freestyle wrestling (and grapple as an amateur sport in general) had a difficult time getting land on the continent. The 1896 Olympics has only one wrestling match, a Greco-Roman heavyweight game. Freestyle wrestling first emerged as an Olympic sport at the Saint Louis Olympics in 1904. All 40 wrestlers who participated in the 1904 Olympics were Americans. The 1904 Olympics approved a rule commonly used for catch-as-catch can, but imposed some restrictions on the dangerous suspension. Wrestling seven heavyweights - 47.6 kg (104.9 pounds), 52.2 kg (115.1 lb), 56.7 kg (125.0 lb), 61.2 kg (134.9 lb), 65 , 3 kg (143.9 lb)), 71.7 kg (156.7 pounds), and greater than 71.7 kg (158 lb) - is an important innovation in the Summer Olympics.
Since 1921, the International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles (FILA), headquartered near Lausanne, Switzerland, has established "Rules of the Game", with rules for judgments and procedures governing tournaments such as the World Games and competitions in the Summer Olympics. It was later adopted by the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) for its freestyle match. Wrestling freestyle gained immense popularity in the United States after the Civil War. In the 1880s, tournaments attracted hundreds of wrestlers. The emergence of cities, increased industrialization, and border closure provide a friendly environment for amateur wrestling, along with boxing, to increase self-esteem and popularity. The amateur wrestling team soon emerged, like the New York Athletic Club wrestling team, whose first tournament was in 1878. Professional wrestling also flourished, and in the 1870s, professional championship games offered up to $ 1,000 allowances.
The nineteenth-century wrestling match is very long, and especially the Greco-Roman battle (where staying under the waist and the use of the foot is not allowed) can last as much as eight to nine hours, and even then, it is only decided by the series. In the 20th century, the deadline was set for the match. For more than forty years into the 20th century, his freestyle and American colleagues, college wrestling, lacked a scoring system that decided the match without any downfall. The introduction of points system by Oklahoma University wrestler Art Griffith, received in 1941, also influenced the international style. In the 1960s international graffiti wrestling match at Greco-Roman and freestyle was printed by a panel of three judges in secret, who made the final decision by picking up the colored paddles at the end of the game. Dr Albert de Ferrari from San Francisco who became FILA's vice-president, lobbied for a visible rating system and rules for "controlled fall," which will admit to falling only when an offensive wrestler has done something to cause it. It was soon adopted internationally in Greco-Roman and freestyle. In 1996, before the major FILA rule reshuffle, the international freestyle match consisted of two three-minute periods, with a one-minute break between periods. Today, the wrestlers from post-Soviet countries, Iran, USA, Bulgaria, Cuba, Turkey, and Japan, have had the strongest performances. Alexander Medved of Belarus won 10 world championships and three Olympic gold medals, in the period 1964-1972. Many college wrestlers have switched to freestyle competitions, especially internationally with great success.
In the spring of 2013, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) voted wrestling out of the core sport for the Summer Games starting in 2020 As a result of this news the wrestling community started a massive campaign to restore sport. The most online group called 2020 vision leads the movement. They have several campaigns as well as Facebook and Twitter pages that spread awareness and garner support for the cause of wrestling back to the Olympics. They have a mission to get 2.000.020 signatures (online and offline) to support the return of wrestling to the Olympics. In September 2013 the IOC voted to allow wrestling back to the Olympics for 2020 and 2024 as a test sport. To reach this FILA, the international wrestling body made some changes to the rules as well as changes to the heavyweights. There are also discussions about uniform changes as well as changes to the competition.
Maps Freestyle wrestling
Weight
Currently, international men's freestyle wrestling is divided into six major age categories: schoolchildren, midshipmen, beginners, youth, juniors, and seniors. Schoolchildren (young men ages 14-15, or 13 years old with medical certificates and parental authorizations) wrestle in 10 heavyweights ranging from 29 to 85 kg (64-187 pounds). Cadets (young men age 16-17, or age 15 with medical certificates and parental authorizations) wrestle in 10 heavyweights ranging from 39 to 100 kg (86 to 220 pounds). Juniors (young men age 18 to 20, or age 17 with medical certificates and parental authorizations) wrestle in eight heavyweights ranging from 46 to 120 kg (101-265 lbs). Age (men age 20 and up) wrestle in seven weight classes ranging from 50 to 120 kg (110 to 260 pounds). For men, there is also a special category for some freestyle competitions, "Veteran", for men aged 35 and older, may feature the same heavyweight as seniors. In addition, all age categories and male heavyweights can be applied to Greco-Roman wrestling.
Women today compete in freestyle wrestling in one of four age categories on an international level: schoolgirls, midwives, juniors, and seniors. School students (young women ages 14-15, or age 13 with medical certificates and parental authorizations) wrestle in 10 heavyweights ranging from 28 to 62 kg (62-137 pounds). Cadets (young women age 16-17, or age 15 with medical certificates and parental authorizations) wrestle in 10 heavyweights ranging from 36 to 70 kg (79-154 lb). Juniors (young women age 18 to 20, or age 17 with medical certificates and parental authorizations) wrestle in eight heavyweights ranging from 40 to 72 kg (88-159 pounds). Age (women age 20 and up) wrestle in seven weight classes ranging from 44 to 72 kg (97-159 pounds). Wrestlers after weigh-in may only wrestle in their own heavyweights. Wrestlers in the senior age category can grapple with heavyweights except for heavyweight divisions (which start weighing more than 96 kg (212 pounds) for men and over 67 kg (148 lb) for women). Different countries may have different weight classes and different age categories for their level of freestyle competition.
Tournament structure
The typical international wrestling tournament takes place with direct elimination with a number of ideal wrestlers (4, 8, 16, 32, 64, etc.) in each weight class and competing age category for placement. Competition in each heavyweight takes place in one day. The day before wrestling in the scheduled heavyweight and age category occurs, all applicable wrestlers are examined by the physician and weighed-in. Each wrestler once weighed on a scale then pulls a token at random which gives a certain number.
If the ideal amount is not reached for the start of the elimination round, qualifying will be performed to remove the excess number of wrestlers. For example, 22 wrestlers can consider the ideal number of 16 wrestlers. The six wrestlers who scored the highest after 16 and six wrestlers who drew six numbers immediately before 17 then will wrestle in six games in the qualifying round. The winners of the match will then proceed to the preliminary round.
In the elimination round or "blood spin", the ideal number of wrestlers then pair and compete in the match until two emerging winners will compete in the finals for the first and second places. All the losing wrestlers of the two finalists then have a chance to wrestle in a round of repechage . The repechage round starts with a wrestler who lost to two finalists at the lowest level of competition in the preliminary round. The match is paired by wrestlers who lose from one finalist and a wrestler who loses to the other. Both wrestlers who win after each level of competition are the winners of the repechage round.
In the final , both winners of the preliminary round compete for first and second place.
In all rounds of the tournament, the wrestlers compete in matches matched in the order of numbers they pull after weigh.
After the final match, the award ceremony will take place. First place and second place wrestler will receive gold and silver medals, respectively. (At the FILA World Championships, the first winner wrestlers will receive the World Championship Belt.) Both winners of each repechage round will be awarded third place with a bronze medal. Both wrestlers who lost in the final to third place were awarded fifth place. From the seventh position, wrestlers are ranked according to the classification points obtained for their victory or loss. If there is a bond between the wrestler for the classification points, the rank is determined in this order from highest to lowest:
- Some of the wins earned in the fall
- Most matches are won by technical advantage
- Most of the period won by technical advantage
- Most points are printed in tournaments
- The lowest points score in the tournament
The wrestler who remains bound afterwards will be given an "ex aequo" placement. Wrestlers classified from the fifth to the 10th place will receive a special diploma. The wrestling tournaments at the Olympics and the Senior and Junior World Championships are designed to last for three days with three mats.
Mattress layout
The match takes place on a thick rubber mat that absorbs the shock to ensure safety. For the Olympic Games, all the World Championships, and the World Cup, the mattress should be new. The main wrestling area has a diameter of nine meters and is surrounded by a 1.5 meter (4.9 feet) border with the same thickness known as the protection area . Inside a circle of nine meters in diameter there is a red ribbon with a width of one meter (3Ã, ft 3Ã, in) located on the outer edge of the circle and known as red zone . The red zone is used to help show passivity in the wrestler's part; thus, this is also known as the zone of passivity . Inside the red zone is a central wrestling area that is 7m (7ft) in diameter (23Ã, ft 0Ã, in). In the center of the wrestling center is the center circle , which is one meter in diameter. The center circle is surrounded by a band of 10 cm (4 inches) in width and divided by two red stripes eight centimeters (3 1 / 8 in) with width. The diagonal angles of the mat are marked with wrestling colors, red and blue .
For competitions in the Olympics, World Championships and Continental Championships, the title is mounted on a platform no more than 1.1 meters (3Ã,f 7 inches). If the mat is located on the podium and the protection margin (covering and free space around the mat) does not reach two meters (6 ft 6 inches), the sides of the podium are covered with a tilted panel 45 Â ° (degrees). In all cases, the color of the protection area is different from the color of the mat.
Tools
- A singlet is a one-piece wrestling garment made of spandex that should provide a tight and comfortable fit for a wrestler. It's made of nylon or lycra and prevents the opponent from using anything on the wrestler as leverage. One wrestler usually competes in the singlet red and the other singlet in the singlet blue .
- A pair of special footwear is worn by a wrestler to improve mobility and flexibility. Wrapping shoes are light and flexible to provide maximum comfort and movement. Usually made with rubber soles, they help give the wrestler a leg on a better grip on the mat.
- Sniffer , also called bloodrag , is brought in a singlet. If bleeding occurs, the wrestler will remove the cloth from the singlet and attempt to stop the bleeding or cleanse the body fluids that may enter the mat.
- Headgear , equipment worn around the ear to protect wrestlers, is optional in freestyle. Headgear is removed at the risk of participants, as there is potential for developing cauliflower ears.
Match
The match is a competition between two individual wrestlers with the same heavyweight. In free-style wrestling, a jury (or team) of three officials (referees) is used. the referee controls the actions at the center, blows the whistle to start and stop the action, and oversees the assessment of suspension and violation. The judge sits on the side of the mat, scores, and sometimes gives approval when needed by the referee for various decisions. The Chair mat sits at the number-keeping table, maintains the time, is responsible for declaring technical excellence, and oversees the work of the referees and judges. To summon a fall, two of the three officials must agree (usually, the referee and the judge or the chair of the mat).
Session format
In Greco-Roman and freestyle, the format is two-minute sessions. Before each game, every name of the wrestler is called, and the wrestler takes his place at the corner of the mattress set for its color. The referee then calls the two of them to his side in the middle of the mat, shakes hands with them, checks their clothes, and checks any sweat, oily or greasy, and other offenses. The two wrestlers then greet each other, shake hands, and the referee blows his whistle to start the session.
A wrestler wins the match when he defeats his opponent at the end of two three-minute sessions. For example, if one competitor scores four points in the first session and his opponent is two, and then two in the second session, his opponent is zero, the competitor will win. Only falls, default injury, or disqualification ends the match; all other modes of winning result only in termination of session.
In freestyle, if there is no wrestler score in two minutes, the match referee will then identify a more passive wrestler, and the wrestler will be given thirty seconds to score, and if he does not, his opponent will be awarded points.
When the session (or game) is over, the referee stands in the middle of the mattress facing the official desk. The two wrestlers then approached each other, shook hands, and stood on both sides of the referee to wait for the decision. The referee then proclaims the winner by raising the winning hand. At the end of the game, each wrestler then shakes hands with the referee and shakes hands again with his opponent's coach.
Scores of matches
In freestyle wrestling, as well as in Greco-Roman wrestling, points are given largely on the basis of explosive action and risk. For example, when a wrestler performs a large amplitude throw that brings his opponent to danger, he is given the most points that can be printed in one instance. Also, a wrestler who takes the risk of rolling around on a mat (with his shoulder touching the mattress) can give some points to his opponent. Assessment can be completed in the following ways:
- Removal ( 2 to 5 points ): A wrestler is given points for removal when a wrestler controls his opponent on a mat of neutral position (when a wrestler is on his leg ). At least three contact points should be controlled on the mat (eg two arms and one knee, two knees and one arm or head, or two arms and head).
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- ( 5 points ): 5 points are given for the removal brought by large-amplitude tosses (throws where the wrestler takes his opponent out of the mat and controls it so that his legs are directly above his head) standing position or par terre to direct and direct hazard positions.
- ( 4 points ): 4 points are awarded for removal brought by large-shot throws as on a 5-point throw, but does not make the opponent a direct and direct danger of position or if the opposing wrestler maintains contact with at least one hand on the mat.
- ( 3 points ): Generally, three points are awarded for deletion caused by short-throwed ampitudes that do not carry their opponents in direct and direct danger positions or for removal where the wrestler's opponent is taken from his leg or stomach to back or sideways (short-throw amplitudes) so that he is in danger position.
- ( 2 points ): Two points are awarded for removal brought by a wrestler who takes his opponent from his legs to his stomach or side so that his back or shoulders are not hit by a mat and while in this position hold it with control.
- Reversal ( 1 point ): A wrestler is given one point for a reversal when a wrestler seizes his opponent from a defensive position (when the wrestler is being controlled by his opponent).
- Exposure is also called Hazard Position ( 2 or 3 points ): A wrestler is given points for exposure when the wrestler exposes his opponent's back to the mat for a few seconds. Points for exposure are also given if someone returns to the mat but wrestlers are not embedded. Criteria for exposure or positions of danger are met when 1) the opponent wrestler is in the position of the bridge to avoid pinned, 2) the opponent wrestler is on one or both elbows with his back to the mat and avoid being clamped; 3) a wrestler holding one of his opponent's shoulders onto the mat and other shoulders at sharp angles (less than 90 degrees), 4) the wrestler's opponent is in a "sudden fall" position (where his shoulders are on the mat for less than a second), or 5) the opponent wrestling over his shoulders. A wrestler in danger position allows his opponent to score two points. An additional hold-down point can be obtained by maintaining a continuous exposure for five seconds.
- Penalty ( 1 or 2 points ): Based on the 2004-2005 shift to the international style, the wrestler whose opponent takes the injury time-out receives one point except the injured wrestler bloody. Other offenses (eg escaping hatch or mats, attacking opponents, acting with brutality or intent to injure, using illegal holds etc.) are penalized with one or two points, a Caution , and options position for the opponent. A wrestler whose opponent regularly refuses to accept a stuck card is given points. Three automatic warnings produce matches given to the opponent.
- Out-of-Bounds ( 1 point ): Every time a wrestler places his feet in a protection area, the game is stopped, and one point is given to the opponent.
- Passivity : A point given to a wrestler attacking his opponent fleeing from the hold or refusing to start.
- Win by Fall : The object of all wrestling matches is to achieve victory with what is known as fall . A fall , also known as pin , occurs when a wrestler holds his opponent's shoulders on a mat simultaneously. In Greco-Roman wrestling and freestyle, two shoulders of defensive wrestlers must be held long enough for the referee to "observe the total control of the fall" (usually ranging from one and a half seconds to about a second or two). Then the judge or chairman of the mattress agrees with the referee that the ration is made. (If the referee does not show the fall, and the legitimate fall, the judge and the chairman of the mat can agree on and announce the fall.) The fall ends the game completely regardless of when it occurs.
- Win by Technical Excellence (Also called Technical Fallout ): If at any time during the game, the wrestler earns a ten point advantage over his opponent, the wrestler will win the game with a technical fall.
- Win by Decision : If the wrestler does not reach a fall or technical advantage, the wrestler who scores more points during the game is declared the winner.
- Win by Default : If a wrestler can not continue to participate for any reason or fails to appear on the mat after his name is called three times before the game starts, his opponent is declared the winner of the game with default , forfeit , or withdrawal .
- Win by Injury : If a wrestler is injured and can not continue, another wrestler is declared the winner. This is also referred to as medical negligence or default injury . The term also includes situations where wrestlers get sick, take too much rest, or bleed uncontrollably. If the wrestler is injured by his opponent's illegal maneuvers and can not proceed, the guilty wrestler is disqualified.
- Win because of Disqualification : Usually, if the wrestler is considered three Caution for violating the rules, he is disqualified. In other circumstances, such as brutal brutality, the match may end immediately and the wrestler is disqualified and removed from the tournament.
The classification points are also given in international wrestling tournaments, which give the most points to the winner and in some cases, one point to the loser depending on the outcome of the match and how the victory is achieved. For example, a victory with a fall will give the winner five points of classification and that loses no points, while the match is won by technical advantage with the technical points of the loser's judgment will give three points to the winner and one point to the loser.
The complete determination for assessment is found https://unitedworldwrestling.org/sites/default/files/2018-04/wrestling_rules.pdf in the UWW International Wrestling Regulations ].
Victory condition
A match can be won in the following ways:
Team scores in tournaments
In international wrestling tournaments, teams include one wrestler in each weight class and score points based on individual performance. For example, if a wrestler in the 60 kg weight class finishes in the first place, then his team will receive 10 points. If he finishes in tenth place, then the team will only receive one. At the end of the tournament, the score of each team is calculated, and the team with the most points wins the team competition.
Team competition
Team competition or dual meet is a meeting between (usually two) teams in which individual wrestlers in a particular heavyweight compete with each other. A team receives one point for every victory in the weight class regardless of the outcome. The team who scored the most points at the end of the game won the team competition. If there are two sets of competitions with one team winning the competition home and one winning competition away, a third competition can be made to determine the winner for the purpose of ranking, or the rankings can occur by sequentially assessing : 1) the most wins by adding points from two games; 2) most points by fall, default, loss, or disqualification; 3) most games won by technical advantage; 4) most periods won by technical advantage; 5) the most technical points won in all competitions; 6) Most technical points do not win in all competitions. This works together when more than two teams are involved in this difficulty.
Women Female freestyle wrestling
At the college, world, and Olympic levels, women are grappling with freestyle. During the competition, wrestlers will wear a red singlet or blue singlet depending on where they are placed in the bracket. All female competitors are required to use fitted female shorts to minimize disturbing incidents.
The United States is still behind Canada in connection with the acceptance of Women's Wrestling. The US is struggling with implementing a high school teams for girls. As a result, many high school students participate in boy teams where they are wrestling with American Freestyle. However, the US has made progress among universities with 14 schools listed on the Women's Wrestling Association website, which offers an opportunity to continue wrestling while getting an education. The Gator Wrestling Club, the Titan Mercury Wrestling Club, the New York Athletic Club, the World Class Athletic Program, the Sunkist Kids and the Pennsylvania Wrestling Club are domestic sponsors who support many of the country's top girls.
In addition to colleges and universities, there are programs like the Beat the Streets-Girls Wrestling Program. The organization is very successful in targeting children downtown and introducing them to the world of wrestling at no cost. Other notable organizations include Chick Wrestler, which was created in January 2012 to market and promote women's struggle at the Olympic Level.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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