Three Round Table Conference 1930-32 is a series of conferences organized by the British Government to discuss constitutional reforms in India. It started in November 1930 and ended in 1932 (the moon is unknown). They were made according to Jinnah's recommendation to King Lord Irwin and Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald, and by a report submitted by the Simon Commission in May 1930. The demand for swaraj, or self-government, in India has grown stronger. In the 1930s, many British politicians believed that India needed to move towards a status of domination. However, there are significant disagreements between Indian and British political parties that will not be resolved by the Conference.
Video Round Table Conferences (India)
First Round Table Conference (November 1930 - January 1931)
The Round Table Conference was officially inaugurated by His Holiness George V on November 12, 1930 at the Royal Gallery House of Lords in London and chaired by British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald.
Three British political parties were represented by sixteen delegates. There are fifty-eight political leaders from British India and sixteen delegates from prince countries. In total 74 delegates from India attended the Conference. However, the Indian National Congress, along with Indian business leaders, is kept away from the conference. Many of them are imprisoned for their participation in the Civil Disobedience Movement.
Participants
- British representative:
- Workers: Ramsay MacDonald, Lord Sankey, Wedgwood Benn, Arthur Henderson, J. H. Thomas, William Jowitt, Hastings Lees-Smith, Earl Russell
- Conservatives: Earl Peel, Marquess of Zetland, Samuel Hoare, Oliver Stanley
- Liberals: Marquess of Reading, Marquess of Lothian, Sir Robert Hamilton, Isaac Foot
- Muslim League : Aga Khan III (leader of British-Indian delegation), Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar, Muhammad Shafi'i, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan, AK Fazlul Huq, Hafiz Ghulam Hussain Hidayat Ullah, Dr. Shafa'at Ahmad Khan, King Sher Muhammad Khan of Domeli, AH Ghuznavi
- India State Representative: Maharaja Alwar, Maharaja Baroda, Nawab Bhopal, Maharaja Bikaner, Rana Dholpur, Maharaja Jammu and Kashmir, Maharaja Nawanagar, Maharaja Patiala (Chancellor Chamber of Princes), Maharaja of Rewa, Chairman Sahib Sangli , Pramhashankar Pattani (Bhavnagar), Manubhai Mehta (Baroda), Sardar Sahibzada Sultan Ahmed Khan (Gwalior), Akbar Hydari (Hyderabad), Mirza Ismail (Mysore), Colonel Kailas Narain Haksar (Jammu and Kashmir)
- English-Indian representative:
- Hindu: B. S. Moonje, M. R. Jayakar, Diwan Bahadur King Narendra Nath
- Liberal: J. N. Basu, Tej Bahadur Sapru, C. Y. Chintamani, V. S. Srinivasa Sastri, Chimanlal Harilal Setalvad
- Justice Party: Arcot Ramasamy Mudaliar, Bhaskarrao Vithojirao Jadhav, Sir A. P. Patro
- Depressed Class: B. R. Ambedkar, Rettamalai Srinivasan
- Sikh: Sardar Ujjal Singh, Sardar Sampuran Singh
- Parsis: Phiroze Sethna, Cowasji Jehangir, Homi Mody
- Indian Christians: K. T. Paul
- Europeans: Sir Hubert Carr, Sir Oscar de Glanville (Burma), T.F. Gavin Jones, C. E. Wood (Madras)
- Anglo-Indian: Henry Gidney
- Women: Begum Jahanara Shahnawaz, Radhabai Subbarayan
- Landlords: Maharaja Kameshwar Singh from Darbhanga (Bihar), Muhammad Ahmad Said Khan Chhatari (United Province), King Parlekhmundi (Orissa), Provash Chandra Mitter
- Workers: N. M. Joshi, B. Siwa Rao
- University: Syed Sultan Ahmed, Bisheshwar Dayal Seth,
- Burma: U Aung Thin, Ba U, M. M. Ohn Ghine
- Sindh: Shah Nawaz Bhutto, Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah
- Other Provinces: Chandradhar Barua (Assam), Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum (NWFP), S. B. Tambe (Central Province)
- The Government of India: Narendra Nath Law, Bhupendra Nath Mitra, C. P. Ramaswami Iyer, M. Ramachandra Rao
- Officials attending in consultative capacity: W. M. Hailey, C. A. Innes, A. C. MacWatters, H. G. Haig, L. W. Reynolds
- Indian Delegation Staff:
- Hyderabad: Sir Richard Chenevix-Trench, Nawab Mahdi Yar Jung, Ahmed Hussain, Nawab Sir Amin Jung Bahadur, Mr. Reginald Glancy
- State of South India: T. Raghavaiah
- Baroda: V. T. Krishnamachari
- Alwar: Fateh Naseeb Khan
- Orissa State: K. C. Neogy
- Nominated by Prince's Special Chamber of Organization: L. F. Rushbrook Williams, Qazi Ali Haidar Abbasi, Jarmani Dass, A. B. Latthe, D. A. Surve
- Secretariat: SK Brown, V. Dawson, KS Fitze, WH Lewis, RJ Stopford, J. Coatman, Marmaduke Pickthall, KM Panikkar, NS Subba Rao, Geoffrey Corbett, A. Latifi, Girija Shankar Bajpai
- General Secretariat: R. H. A. Carter, Mian Abdul Aziz, W. D. Croft, G. E. Gent, B. G. Holdsworth, R. F. Mudie, G. S. Rajadhya
Proceedings
The conference began with 6 plenary meetings in which delegates filed their problems. 9 sub committees were formed to deal with several different matters including the federal structure, provincial constitution, Sindh province and NWFP, defense and minority services e.t.c. This was followed by a discussion of sub-committee reports on the Federal Structure, Provincial Constitution, Minorities, Burma, North West Frontier Province, Franchise, Defense services and Sindh. This was followed by two more plenary sessions and a final closing session. It is difficult for progress to be made in the absence of the Indian National Congress but some progress has been made.
The idea of ​​the Federation of All India was transferred to the discussion center by Tej Bahadur Sapru. All the groups attending the conference supported this concept. The princely nations agree with the proposed federation as long as their internal sovereignty is guaranteed. The Muslim League also supports the federation for always opposing a strong Center. The British agreed that the representative government should be introduced at the provincial level.
Another important discussion is the executive's responsibility for the legislature and separate voters for Untouchable as requested by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.
Maps Round Table Conferences (India)
Second Round Table Conference (September - December 1931)
Congress has boycotted the first conference asked to come to the settlement by Sapru, M. R. Jayakar and V. S. Srinivasa Sastri. A settlement between Mahatma Gandhi and Viceroy Lord Irwin known as the Gandhi-Irwin Pact was achieved and Gandhi was appointed as sole representative of the Congress to the second Round Table Conference. At the moment, there is a Coalition Government in England with a Conservative majority. It was held in London in September 1931. The discussion led to the passage of the actions of the Government of India in 1935.
Participants
- British representative:
- Labor: Ramsay MacDonald, Wedgwood Benn, Arthur Henderson, William Jowitt, Hastings Lees-Smith, F. W.hick-Lawrence, Lord Sankey, Lord Snell, J. H. Thomas
- Conservative: Viscount Hailsham, Samuel Hoare, Earl Peel, Oliver Stanley, Marquess of Zetland
- Unionist Scotland: Walter Elliot
- Liberal: Isaac's feet, Henry Graham White, Robert Hamilton, Marquess of Lothian, Marquess of Reading,
- Representative of the State of India: Maharaja Alwar, Maharaja Baroda, Nawab Bhopal, Maharaja Bikaner, Maharao Kutch, Rana Dholpur, Maharaja Indore, Maharaja Jammu and Kashmir, Maharaja of Kapurthala, Maharaja Nawanagar, Maharaja of Patiala, Maharaja of Rewa, Chief Sahib Sangli, King of Korea, King Sarila, Sir Prabhashankar Pattani (Bhavnagar), Manubhai Mehta (Baroda), Sardar Sahibzada Sultan Ahmed Khan (Gwalior), Sir Muhammad Akbar Hydari (Hyderabad), Mirza Ismail (Mysore), Colonel KN Haksar (Jammu and Kashmir), T. Raghavaiah (Travancore), Liaqat Hayat Khan (Patiala)
- English-Indian representative:
- Government of India: C. P. Ramaswami Iyer, Narendra Nath Law, M. Ramachandra Rao
- The Indian National Congress: Mahatma Gandhi (He is the sole representative of Congress).
- Muslims: Aga Khan III, Maulana Shaukat Ali, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, AK Fazlul Huq, Muhammad Iqbal, Muhammad Shafi, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan, Syed Ali Imam, Maulvi Muhammad Shafi Daudi, King Sher Muhammad Khan of Domeli, AH Ghuznavi, Hafiz Hidayat Hussain, Sayed Muhammad Padshah Saheb Bahadur, Dr. Shafa'at Ahmad Khan, Jamal Muhammad, khaja ​​â € <â €
- Hindu: M. R. Jayakar, B. S. Moonje, Diwan Bahadur King Narendra Nath
- Liberal: J. N. Basu, C. Y. Chintamani, Tej Bahadur Sapru, V. Srinivasa Sastri, Chimanlal Harilal Setalvad
- Justice Party: King Bobbili, Arcot Ramasamy Mudaliar, Sir A. P. Patro, Bhaskarrao Vithojirao Jadhav
- Depressed Class: B. R. Ambedkar, Rettamalai Srinivasan,
- Sikh: Sardar Ujjal Singh, Sardar Sampuran Singh
- Parsis: Cowasji Jehangir, Homi Mody, Phiroze Sethna
- Indian Christians: Surendra Kumar Datta, A. T. Pannirselvam
- The Europeans: E. C. Benthall, Sir Hubert Carr, T. F. Gavin Jones, C. E. Wood (Madras)
- Anglo-Indian: Henry Gidney
- Women: Sarojini Naidu, Begum Jahanara Shahnawaz, Radhabai Subbarayan
- The Landlord: Muhammad Ahmad Said Khan Chhatari (United Province), Kameshwar Singh from Darbhanga (Bihar), King Parlakimedi (Orissa), Sir Provash Chandra Mitter
- Industry: Ghanshyam Das Birla, Sir Purshottamdas Thakurdas, Maneckji Dadabhoy
- Workers: N. M. Joshi, B. Siwa Rao, V. Viri Giri
- University: Syed Sultan Ahmed, Bisheshwar Dayal Seth
- Burma: Sir Padamji Ginwala
- Sindh: Shah Nawaz Bhutto, Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah
- Other Provinces: Chandradhar Barua (Assam), Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum (NWFP), S. B. Tambe (Central Province)
- United Indian Delegation Staff : VT Krishnamachari (Baroda), Richard Chenevix-Trench (Hyderabad), Nawab Mahdi Yar Jung (Hyderabad), Bapna SM (Indore), Amar Nath Atal (Jaipur) JW Young (Jodhpur), Ram Chandra Kak (Jammu and Kashmir), Sahibzada Abdus Samad Khan (Rampur), KC Neogy (Orissa State), LF Rushbrook Williams, Jarmani Dass, Muhammad Saleh Akbar Hydari, KM Panikkar, N. Madhava Rao
- British Delegation Staff: H. G. Haig, V. Dawson, K. S. Fitze, J. G. Laithwaite, W. H. Lewis, P. J. Patrick, J. Coatman, G. T. Garratt, R. J. Stopford
- British Indian Delegation Staff: Geoffrey Corbett, A. Latifi, Girija Shankar Bajpai, Benegal Rama Rau, Syed Amjad Ali, Prince Aly Khan, AM Chaudhury, Mahadev Desai, Govind Malaviya, KT Shah, P. Sinha
- Secretariat-General: R. H. A. Carter, K. Anderson, C. D. Deshmukh, J. M. Sladen, Hugh MacGregor, G. F. Steward, A. Harce, Syed Amjad Ali, Ram Babu Saksena Projectings
- Congressional Representation - The Gandhi-Irwin Pact paves the way for Congressional participation in this conference. Mahatma Gandhi was invited from India and was present as the only official representative of the Congress accompanied by Sarojini Naidu and also Madan Mohan Malaviya, Ghanshyam Das Birla, Muhammad Iqbal, Sir Mirza Ismail (Diwan Mysore), S.K. Dutta and Sir Syed Ali Imam. Gandhi claims that Congress itself represents political India; that Untouchable people are Hindus and should not be treated as "minorities"; and that there should be no separate electorate or special protection for Muslims or other minorities. This claim was rejected by other Indian participants. According to this pact, Gandhi was asked to cancel the Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM) and if he did, British government prisoners would be released except for criminal prisoners, those who had killed British officials. He returned to India, disappointed with the result and with his bare hands.
- National Government - two weeks earlier the Labor government in London has fallen. Ramsay MacDonald now heads the Conservative-dominated National Government.
- Financial Crisis - During the conference, the UK went from the Gold Standard that distracted the National Government.
- Indian American Hriapresenttives: Akbar Hydari (Council of Hyderabad), Mirza Ismail (Board of Mysore), VT Krishnamachari (Council of Baroda), Wajahat Hussain (Jammu and Kashmir), Sir Sukhdeo Prasad (Udapur, Japur, Jodhpur), JA Surve (Kholhpur), King Oudh Narain Bisarya (Bhopl), Manubhai Mehta (Bhikner), Nawab Liaqat Hayat Khan (Ftial), Fateh Naseeb Khan (Alwar Country), LF Rushbrook Williams Nawanagar), King Sarila (small country)
- British-India Representative: Aga Khan III, BR Ambedkar (depression class), Ramakrishna Ranga Rao from Bobbili, Sir Hubert Carr (Auropeans), Nanak Chand Pandit, AH Ghuznavi, Henry Gidney (Anglo -indians), Hafiz Hidayat Hussain, Muhammad Iqbal, MR Jayakar, Cowasji Jehangir, NM Joshi (Labor), Narasimha Chintaman Kelkar, Arcot Ramasamy Mudaliar, Begum Jahanara Shahnawaz (Female), AP Patro, Tej Bahadur Sapru, Dr. Kshfa'at Ahmad Khan, Sir Shadi Lal, Tara Singh Malhotra, Sir Nripendra Nath Sircar, Sir Purshottamdas Thakurdas, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan
- Beatty, Michael J., Ralph R. Behnke, and Barbara Jane Banks.
The elements of dialogical communication in Gandhi'S second Round Table Conference Address (1979) Ã, :. 386-398 - Menon, V. P. (1995). "Indian State Integration", 'Orient Longman Ltd'
- An essay at the Round Table Conference of the Indian Constitution, London 1931-1933
The second session opened on September 7, 1931. There are three main differences between the first and second round table conference. In the second second:
During the Conference, Gandhi could not reach an agreement with Muslims about Muslim representation and protection. At the end of the conference, Ramsay MacDonald undertakes to produce a Communal Award for minority representation, provided that any free agreement between the parties may be substituted for his award.
Gandhi took a special exception to the treatment of people who are untouched as a separate minority of other Hindu community. She clashed with the leader of the depression class, Dr.B. R. Ambedkar, on this matter: the two finally settled the situation with Poona Pact of 1932.
Third Round table Conference (November-December 1932)
The third and final sessions were assembled on 17 November 1932. Only forty-six delegates were present because most of India's major political figures were absent. The British Labor Party and the Indian National Congress refused to attend.
From September 1931 to March 1933, under the auspices of the Secretary of State for India, Sir Samuel Hoare, the proposed reform took a form that was reflected in the 1935 Indian Government Act.
Participants
References
Further reading
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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