Admission to practice law

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Recognition acceptance of legal practice is obtained when a lawyer receives a license to practice law. In jurisdictions with two types of lawyers, such as lawyers and lawyers, lawyers must get permission to enter the bar, while for lawyers there are different practice certificates.

Being a lawyer is a very varied process all over the world. Common to all jurisdictions are age and competency requirements; some jurisdictions also require documentation of citizenship or immigration status. However, the most diverse requirements are those that surround the preparation for a license, whether it includes obtaining a law degree, passing an exam, or serving in an internship. In English, acceptance is also called legal license . Basic requirements vary from country to country, as described below.

In some jurisdictions, upon entering, lawyers need to maintain current practice certificates in order to be allowed to offer services to the public.

Video Admission to practice law

Afrika

The African Union consists of all 55 countries on the African Continent. Perhaps it is best to look for each country specifically for qualification because each can vary between them. As long as you have legal education, it is often easy. However, the most often the biggest obstacle is the residence for foreign-educated lawyers.

Egypt

Namibia

Namibia has a detailed action that fully describes the requirements to become a Legal Practitioner. Generally, citizenship or extensive residency is required.

Niger

Nigeria

Kenya

The legal practice in Kenya is governed by the Advocate Act, Chapter 16 of Kenyan Law. Only lawyers admitted to the Bar, known as the Kenyan High Court Advocate, have the right of audience before the Kenyan courts. To become an advocate, (who coincided with being a member of the Kenyan Law Society) one must first complete a law degree from a university recognized at the Commonwealth, then attend the Kenya School of Law for the Postgraduate Diploma in Legal Practice for training in a more practical legal subject such as briefing and evidence, and completing a mandatory six-month article for students under a five-year-old lawyer.

After completing the necessary academic and practical training, a person must 'petition' the Chief Judge of the Judiciary to be accepted at the Bar by filling in the required documents, including the petition in the format specified under the Advocate Act and accompanying statements, and two moral fitness certificates by practicing lawyers for five years, one of which must come from a petition supervisor in rooms (referred to as 'master students') and pay a fee.

This petition is addressed to the High Court Clerk on behalf of the Chief Justice and Secretary/CEO of the Kenyan Law Society, and upon approval by the Legal Councils, one is 'summoned to the Bar'. The call was made in an open court by taking an oath before the Chief Justice who uttered acceptance. Typically, some lawyers are accepted in the Bar at the same session.

In order to maintain the feasibility of training in court, a person must pay an annual fee for a 'certificate of practice' to the Kenyan Legal Institution, even though the certificate is issued by the Court Clerk. Non-payment makes a person ineligible to appear before the court. Lawyers who do not want to appear before the court do not need to issue certificates, but in practice most lawyers do so as is commonly required by most employers who hire the services of lawyers, since only supporters can sign any document in that capacity.

Advocates who wish to administer the oath - usually in the affidavit format - must apply to the Supreme Court Justices to be appointed as Commissioners for Oath, while those wishing to perform similar functions with a notary public in the United Kingdom must have been supporters for five years, and formally applying to become a notary to the Supreme Court Justices through the Registrar Court. To appear before the Supreme Court, a person must be a lawyer for seven years standing.

Maps Admission to practice law

Asia and the Pacific Islands

Australia

In Australia, a potential lawyer must complete a LLB degree or a JD or Diploma in Law degree and complete practical training requirements fulfilled by completing an approved practical legal training course or an authorship article.

Entry to practice is a problem for each country. However, a person who holds a practice certificate in any Australian jurisdiction is entitled to practice from time to time in other Australian jurisdictions without obtaining recognition in the jurisdiction.

New Zealand practitioners may apply for admission pursuant to the Trans-Tasman Mutual Recognition Act 1997 (Cth).

New South Wales

A person is recognized as a legal practitioner after completing the necessary academic and practical training requirements. These matters are handled in the Law of the 2004 Legal Profession . The applicant applies to the Legal Profession Admissions Board which assesses the application (both local and foreign), and is finally accepted as a lawyer by the Supreme Court of New South Wales (s31 of the 2004 Legal Profession Law).

Upon entry, a person is then entitled to apply for a practice certificate from the Law Society of New South Wales (if they wish to practice as a lawyer), or the NSW Bar Association (if they wish to practice as a lawyer). The practice certificate requires payment of fees, insurance and contributions to loyalty funds (which compensate clients in some circumstances).

Victoria

Based on the Law of the Legal Profession 2004 (Vic), a person may practice law, as a legal practitioner, in the state of Victoria if he has been accepted into the legal profession in Australian jurisdiction and has current or interstate practice certificates. Furthermore, the Rules of Profession (Admission) 2008 (Vic) replace the propriety article with supervised workplace training and make changes to the admissions process for practice. Under this new law, upon completion of an approved training course and the achievement of an accredited law degree, law graduates must complete a Practical Law Training (PLT) or Workplace Workplace Training (SWT) course to be able to practice law in Victoria.

China

In the People's Republic of China, a person must first obtain a recognized degree (bachelor's, master's or doctorate), pass the National Judicial Exam, and complete one year of internship.

Fiji

Fiji requires a Bachelor of Law degree (four years of study) as well as successful completion of either the Professional Diploma in Legal Practice offered by the University of the South Pacific or the Graduate Diploma in Legal Practice offered at Fiji National University, or equivalent Graduate Degree and a bar admission course from abroad.

Hong Kong

Hong Kong makes the difference between lawyers and lawyers. Admission to the profession either requires a law degree (either LL.B. four years or a two-year Doctor Juris) and a Postgraduate Certificate in Law (which takes nine months). The apprenticeship program to become a lawyer is only one year, while lawyers have to be apprenticed for two years.

A foreign lawyer (from any jurisdiction) may be admitted as a lawyer by passing a Qualified Overseas Lawyer Exam and fulfilling the terms of three months' stay. Foreign lawyers can also be accepted as lawyers by passing the Barristers Qualification Exam.

India

In India, a potential lawyer must complete a law degree after 12 years of schooling and obtain a Honorary Law Degree, (actually a double degree) in which the course is a five-year course. First and general undergraduate degree (usually B.A.Law but in some cases Bachelor of General Law/Bachelor of Socio-Legal Studies etc.) awarded after three years of study, and a professional Bachelor's degree called LL.B. (Honors) Degree, which has an essential component of Practical training, is obtained after two years of further legal studies.

Alternatively, any graduate with a bachelor's degree in any subject (earned after 15 years of education, ie after graduation), may apply for a second bachelor's degree in a three-year course law (LL.B. Degree). The 5 Year LL.B. (Honor) Degree and 3 Years LL.B. Degree is the only recognized Professional qualification degree to enter the legal profession in India.

Law Graduates in India have no right to call themselves Advocates and can not appear in court even if they call themselves Lawyers. India requires all Legal Graduates, intending to enter the profession of practicing Law as an Advocate, to first enroll in the Counsel Scrolls of the State Council (the regional authority under the overall authority of the Bar Council of India) and appear for the All India Bar Examination (AIBE) conducted by the Bar Council of India which is the Institution that regulates the Profession of Legal Practice. It is now mandatory for all law school graduates, graduating from 2009-2010 onwards to qualify in the All India Bar exam without which they will not be accepted to practice in court and can not call themselves Advocates. Once registered by one of the State Bar Boards, and completing the All India Bar Examination, a Law Degree is an Advocate and may appear in the Court representing the client.

Only after graduates whose names are incorporated into the Roll of Advocates administered by one of the State Bar Council and issued The Certificate of Enrollment (Sanad) to prove it arises for and cleans the All India Bar Examination, and obtains the Certificate of Practice issued by the Council The Indian Bar, may establish itself as an Advocate and Practice in the Indian Courts.

All Advocates in India, regardless of which State Bar Council they are registered, have the Right of Practice in all of their High Courts and Courts and Subordinate Courts throughout the Territory of India under Section 30 of the Advocate Law.

However, in order to practice the Law before the Supreme Court of India, Advocates must first appear and qualify in the Supreme Court Advocate in the Record Examination conducted by the Supreme Court.

Israel

Israel needs a law degree (LL.B., which is a three and a half year program), a one-year internship, and passes bar exam. 1111

Japanese

Japan requires a bachelor's degree in any field (requiring 4 years of study), a Juris Doctor (which lasts 2 or 3 years), graduation of a national exam, a 12-month internship that combines additional courses and graduated internship examinations.

Jordan

The Jordanian Bar Association requires academic, practice and oral exams to enter the bar. Supervisors must hold a bachelor's degree or equivalent in Law.

The Bar Association requires a minimum of two years of training under the supervision of an Attorney. However, if a postgraduate degree in law is reached, a reduction to one year of training is possible. The bar gives the candidate, at different stages of his training, the audience's specific rights to appear before a particular court.

Supervisors may submit written requests, at each stage of their training, to enroll in written examinations that the Bar holds 4 times a year. If he reaches the test mark (15/25) or higher, then the trial will advance to an oral test conducted by a legal committee selected from a combination of Judges, Professors and Senior Lawyers. If he or she passes an oral exam, they are required to submit a research paper. Each supervisor should examine the legal subject, submit a written paper, and discuss his findings before the committee. If he graduated, the temptation had to take an oath before the Justice Minister, the conclusion that gave him into the bar. On average, the process does not take more than two and a half years to meet the Bar Association's requirements for practicing law. However, it should be mentioned that only Jordanians can petition the Bar Association to practice the law.

Lebanon

Lebanon needs a Lebanese law degree to apply to one of the two Bar Association. Upon acceptance, a three-year apprenticeship is required at the office of an attorney general after which the candidate will be subject to an oral and written examination.

Lawyers in Lebanon must be Lebanon for at least 10 years.

South Korea

In South Korea, there are currently two types of acceptance for legal practice: (i) until 2017, someone is acceptable to practice law by passing a test called ???? (roughly translated as "Judicial Examination") which requires, as a prerequisite for filing exams, 35 legal education credits at the undergraduate level and a certain level of English language qualification. Passengers must go through a two-year training course at the Judicial Research and Training Institute, a national institution, before they are allowed to practice law; and (ii) from 2012, is someone acceptable to practice law by passing a test called ????? (roughly translated as "Lawyer of Examination") which requires completion before a three-year law school course with a degree called ???? (roughly translated as "Master of Practical Law" and that's the equivalent of Juris Doctor in the United States).

Kazakhstan

Lawyers in Kazakhstan must complete a law degree and pass state exams.

Malaysia

Malaysia needs advocates and lawyers to be accepted at Bar Malaysia. The prerequisite is a Bachelor of Laws (Hons) degree (LL.B (Hons)., Which requires four years of study) from a local law faculty or a call as Barrister in the UK or Certificate in Legal Practice, which is a postgraduate qualification on procedural law equivalent to a degree master and takes about nine months to complete, and nine months of pupillage. Advocates and Lawyers have the right to appear before the courts and/or do the work of lawyers, because the legal profession in Malaysia merges without distinction between lawyers and lawyers.

The Sabah states of East Malaysia and Sarawak have their own set of criteria for entry into their respective jurisdictions.

New Zealand

New Zealand requires a law degree (LL.B., which lasts four years), and completion of the Professional Law Study Course (which lasts five months).

Pakistan

Lawyers in Pakistan are called Advocates. To enjoy the right of audience in Courts in Pakistan, a potential lawyer/advocate must earn a Bachelor's Degree/equivalent followed by a Qualification Law Degree (LL.B three years) from a recognized state university of jurisdiction of jurisdiction or common law. All legal education in Pakistan is taught in English. After that, they have to undergo a year of training under a senior lawyer (called Pupillage/Apprenticeship/Intern-ship/Training) in conclusion, they must take Bar exams consisting of multiple choice questions (or in some professional exam cases) and an interview with a lawyers' committee. Thereafter, the concerned Provincial Bar Council may grant him or her rights to the lower court (ie lower courts of the Court of Appeal).

An attorney enrolled in the Provincial Bar Council can practice anywhere in the country except the Supreme Court and the Supreme Court of Pakistan. He will get the right of audience in the High Court after two years of training in lower courts, eventually (in some Provincial Bar Council) advocates must take other professional exams and interviews with the High Court judges.

After 10 years of practicing in the High Court, candidates must take other professional exams and interview with Supreme Court judges to be granted audience rights in Pakistan Supreme Court.

Exams are usually made to ensure that the quality of attorney produced is maintained to some degree. The interview then represents another opportunity for a senior judge and member of the provincial Bar Council to meet the candidate and see if he or she is eligible to be accepted as an advocate from a lower court/High Court or Supreme Court.

Philippines

To practice law in the Philippines, a person must meet the requirements of non academic and academic. For non-academic requirements, a person must be a Filipino, at least 21 years of age, a Filipino resident, and have other required moral and non-academic qualifications. In terms of academic requirements, a person must have obtained a bachelor's degree (with a major, concentration or focus in any subject of History, Economics, Political Science, Logic, English or Spanish), has obtained a Bachelor of Laws (or equivalent such as Juris Doctor) from a law school recognized by the Secretary of Education. They must also have taken and graduated (75% general average, subject without falling below 50%) Bar Examination, taking the Oath of Attorney before the Supreme Court, signing the Lawyers Scroll, remains in a good position with Integrated Bar of the Philippines, and continue to participate in the Compulsory Advanced Legal Education.

Singapore

Persons seeking admission to the Singapore Bar must obtain a law degree approved by completing a course of at least three academic years leading to that level as a full-time internal candidate from an approved university. The usual level is LL.B. or LL.B. (honorific), depending on the university, or J.D. (from one of only four US approved universities or Singapore Management University). They are then required to take the Singapore Bar Exam, which is divided into Part A (for overseas graduates from approved universities abroad only) and Part B (a five-month practical course, compulsory for local and foreign graduates). They are further required to complete the Practice Training Contract six months before they can be summoned to the Bar as an Advocate and Lawyer from the Supreme Court of Singapore. Advocates and Lawyers are entitled to appear before the courts or undertake the work of lawyers, since the legal profession in Singapore merges without distinction between lawyers and lawyers.

Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka needs a lawyer to be accepted and registered as Attorney General at the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka to practice law. A person must pass the required legal exam at Sri Lankan Law College, and then spend a year in an internship for a practicing lawyer. To take the exam, students must enroll students from Sri Lankan Law University, or qualify by earning an LL.B. from local or foreign universities.

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Europe

Among EU members, Directive Diplomas (Directive 89/48/EEC) states that those who have obtained a license or diploma in one country may pursue a profession in another. Thus, it is not difficult for a law degree in one jurisdiction to be used as a qualifying degree in other jurisdictions in the EU.

Austria

In Austria, an attorney ("Rechtsanwalt" in German) must meet the following requirements:

• holds a law degree,
• completes a three-year internship at a law firm as a trainee attorney ("RechtsanwaltsanwÃÆ'¤rter"),
• Complete decency for seven months in court,
• complete the required number of training seminars (42 sessions),
• passed the exam.

In addition, attorney trainees can only register as lawyers after they have collected a total of five years of professional experience (including apprentices and scribes).

Belgium

In Belgium, a potential lawyer ("advocaat" in Dutch, "avocat"/"avocat" in French) must meet the following requirements:

• holds a master's degree in law (which requires two years of study and a Law Degree requiring three years of study) or holds a PhD in Law
• took a pledge in the appellate court,
• a three-year apprenticeship (Flemish's prospective attorney must do 15 pro bono cases for 3 years),
• CAPA (French, ' C ertificat d' a attitude ÃÆ' la p rofession d ' a vocat ') course of study,
• pass the final exam.

During a three-year apprenticeship, a potential lawyer is equivalent to a licensed lawyer, and can for example issue a legal opinion and directly represent the client before all courts (except for the Supreme Court).

Croatian

All lawyers in Croatia must be members of the Croatian Bar Association as well as members of a local bar association (compulsory membership). Its membership requires completion of a five-year master's degree one year, Bar Check in the Republic of Croatia (accessible after at least 18 months of internship), and at least three years experience in law offices or in court bodies (or five years experience in legal work outside the court) , the time before Check Bar is included.

Czech Republic

A person must meet the following conditions to be accepted for legal practice in the Czech Republic:

• full capacity
• A master's degree in law is obtained at a Czech law school or an analogue education obtained at a foreign university, if such education is officially recognized as equivalent to an international treaty, in which the Czech Republic is bound, or if certain applications recognize such as foreign education, or if recognized for its content and extent from the point of view of knowledge and skills as sufficient to practice law by the Advocacy Endorsement
• at least three years of legal internship
• personal integrity (no conviction for willful crimes)
• the absence of disciplinary punishment for the prohibition of legal practice (if a person has become a legal practitioner)
• Nothing was dropped from the list of legal practitioners due to personal bankruptcy
• no workforce involvement or official involvement, except for engagement:
  • to the Bar Association or similar organizations in other EU countries
  • to a legal practitioner or to a legal personality established to provide legal services
  • to the University as a lecturer
  • as a scientific worker of the Czech Academy of Sciences
• passed the bar exam
• take the pledge

Denmark

In Denmark, to use an advocate title one must complete LL.B. (three years of study) and LL.M. (who grants Candidata Juris academic degree, and requires two years of study), followed by a three-year apprenticeship, a year as a lawyer's assistant, and a test that has a pseudo-court element.

French

To be a French lawyer, "avocat" (male) or "avocate" (female), a person must:

• earned a bachelor's degree (three years for "license") and completes the first year of the Masters of Laws (diplÃÆ'Â'me de maÃÆ'®trise en droit), so a total of 4 years of studying at the university
• take the exam to enter one of the CRFPA (De Reformation Center ÃÆ' la Profession d'Avocat) where a person completes an eighteen-month course and receives an award from the required certification of ÃÆ' la profi d avocat (CAPA).

However, those who have degrees from other countries may become licensed lawyers with French bars by passing the exam. Depending on a person's qualifications, a non-French lawyer may take Article 97, 98, 99, or 100 exams. Each of these exams has different requirements.

French "juristes" (internal advisors) need not hold Certificat d'aptitude ÃÆ' la profession d'avocat (CAPA).

Finnish

Until now anyone can in principle practice law in Finland, not just qualified lawyers. However, after the entry into force of the Licensed Legislation Law (715/2011) on 1 January 2013 only lawyers who are members of a lawyers association and who may use the title of asianajaja , or an official counsel of advice may represent clients in court. To be a licensed legal advisor requires a legal education completion consisting of a Bachelor of Laws (or oikeusnotaari degree, which usually takes three years to complete) and a Master of Laws (or oikeustieteen maisteri ), which usually takes one to two years to complete, a minimum of one year of training. After the apprenticeship is completed successfully, the district court grants a degree varatuomari (VT), which in practice is a basic qualification to practice law in any capacity. To be admitted to the Finnish bar association, the same legal education requirements as for licensed legal attorneys apply, but the training requirement is four years and one must pass the exam (Asianajotutkinto, "Advocate Exam") which also requires demonstration of practical skills. Internal advisors are not allowed to become bar members, but may be licensed legal advisors

German

In Germany, a lawyer (Rechtsanwalt) must be a member of a local bar association. To date, legal subjects have not changed to the Bachelor/Master system and are subject to state examinations (in contrast to university exams). The justification lies in the national interest to receive high-quality lawyers. The requirement for membership in a local bar association is a graduate of two state examinations. The First State Exam (Erstes Staatesexamen or Erste juristische PrÃÆ'¼fung) is usually taken after four and a half years of undergraduate law studies. A university degree (Dipl.-jur or Magister Jur.) May be awarded by the university upon completion of the exam, but this depends on the practice of each university. Some of the leading universities such as the University of Heidelberg Law School do not give degrees after completing the exam.

The First State Exam is followed by a two-year practical phase that includes work in various institutions, including law firms, courts and public institutions. After completing this two-year training period, trainees can take the Second Test State (Zweites Staatsexamen or AssessorprÃÆ'¼fung). Upon successful completion of the second state exam, the entry to the bar is completed, and the individual may apply for a license to practice as a lawyer or be employed by the state as a state judge or prosecutor.

A foreign degree is not considered equivalent in Germany, but membership in a local bar association may be granted to individuals with foreign legal degrees after several years of practicing law and subject to individual examinations.

Greek

Greece requires a lawyer (?????????) to become a member of a local bar association. Requirements include a law degree, which lasts at least four years, an eighteen month apprenticeship, and passes the bar exam. Candidates should normally be under thirty-five. http://eklawconsult.business.site/

Hungarian

The Hungarian Bar Association is a public body and a national lawyer organization, which has an apparatus and an independent administrative budget.

The regional bar association is a member of the Hungarian Bar Association. The process is similar to the scope of the German system, in which case there is a double-exam process and a practicum. After the first degree in law, which is usually about 5 years old, a student must pass a first degree exam. Then, the apprenticeship must be a scribe or practice in law practice for three years. Where, one year can be replaced with a further ph.d. studies. However, those apprentices must pass a series of 4 oral and written examinations in a particular subject to be formally accepted in their district bar and practice law.

ireland

Following the English tradition, Ireland has lawyers and lawyers. To become a lawyer, one must complete a bachelor's degree or pass the Initial Exam. A person must pass the Final Exam, complete a two-year apprenticeship, and complete the Professional Practice Course at the same time. To become a lawyer, a person must complete a law degree (BCL, which lasts three years or LL.B. the last four years) or Kings Inns Diploma in Legal Studies which lasts for two years, earned a Barrister-at- Law from the Honorable King's Society, and complete a year of pupillage (known as devotion).

Italy

Italy mandates membership in an Italian bar association, requiring the completion of a law degree (Laurea di Scienze Giuridiche, three years), a law degree (Laurea Specialistica di Giurisprudenza (two year program awarding Dottore Magistrale in Giurisprudenza), or just a master's degree year-old (Laurea a ciclo unico Magistrale di Giurisprudenza)), an 18-month internship, and graduated from professional exams.

There is the National Bar Association (Consiglio Nazionale Forense) representing the avvocato profession at the national level in Italy. However, the structure of the Italian profession is decentralized, with local bar associations (Consiglio dell'Ordini degli Avvocati) holding most regulatory powers. Consiglio Nazionale Forense deals with disciplinary policies for the profession; it is responsible for the Code of Conduct and will hear appeals from disciplinary decisions of local association associations.

There are over 165 Local Bar Associations in Italy that match the number of district courts in the country. Each local bar is concerned with the reception, supervision, training and disciplining of its members and maintains the Avvocati list. All avvocati must be registered in their local bar to practice in Italy.

The avvocato profession training without proper qualification and registered with the Local Bar Association is a criminal offense under Italian law.

Kosovo

Kosovo's law distinguishes between "domestic lawyers," which are Kosovo citizens, and "foreign lawyers," who have an active license in recognized and accepted jurisdiction for practice in Kosovo under certain conditions.

Domestic lawyers must pass the exam. To take a bar exam, one must be a citizen of Kosovo, have a law degree or a four-year-old law degree, and complete a law internship. The apprenticeship requirements are met after one year of work as trainees in a court or law office. Otherwise, the candidate must show two years of legal experience with a foreign or domestic organization.

Foreign lawyers must have been licensed for at least five years in a US or EU jurisdiction or in a country that allows a Kosovo lawyer to practice under the same conditions. They pass a short test run by Kosovo Bar and pay a relatively higher fee than their domestic counterparts.

Malta

Maltese legal practices coalesce and the practice of law is governed by the Advocate Chamber. Licenses for legal practice are provided by means of a warrant issued at the completion of a Doctor of Law (LLD) program from the University of Malta (or comparable international program) and entrance exams in English and Maltese. Lawyers holding the right to practice in other jurisdictions may apply for an exemption from a prohibition of local practice that allows them to offer services under their foreign rights even though permission is issued by discretion and requires three years of local legal practice and comparable licensing elsewhere.

Moldova

Moldova requires a law degree and a part of the state examination.

Dutch

In Holland, to become a licensed attorney ( Advocaat), one must complete a law degree (Bacheloropleiding or LL.B, which is a three year study), a master's degree of law (doctorandus in law prior to the execution of the Bologna Process and gives the title of Meester, which is a one-year LLM program), and a three-year apprenticeship.

Norwegian

Lawyers ( advocates ) must be licensed in Norway, they are licensed by the authorities provided they have LL.M (jurist) (before 2008- cand.jur. - candidate juris ), and two years of practicing as assisting lawyer advokatlmektig ) or two years practicing as police prosecutor politiadvokat or politifullmektig ) or vice-judge ( dommerfullmektig ) and some minor formalities. While the previous cand. juris is usually a 6 year degree, LL.M. is a 5-year degree. The membership of the bar association ( Advokatforeningen ) is optional.

Polish

In Poland, an attorney (adlokat or radca prawny ) must complete a five-year (five-year) master's degree in law and be admitted to a lawyers association (The Polish Bar Council or National Legal Advisory Chamber). There are several ways to get admission to the bar, including: three years of training followed by exams; five years of legal professional experience followed by a bar exam; Ph.D. in law followed by an attorney's exam or 3 years of legal professional experience; or have a high academic qualification in law science (eg, doctor or habilitated professor). Once accepted in a bar association of one job, lawyers can move to another job with little hassle.

Russian

There is no need to have a license to practice law in Russia as a legal consultant, but only members of a Russian lawyers association (advocate) are allowed to appear in court in criminal matters. In Russia, an advocate must obtain a law degree (four years) and a Specialist in Law or a Juris degree (one year), then pass an oral exam.

Spanish

In Spain, an attorney uses the title Abogado (male) or/Abogada (female), and should be a member of a local bar association, such as the Madrid lawyers association. Membership requirements for all bar associations are the same. There are 3 requirements: 1. Undergraduate program in Law. (4 years). 2. Master degree in "AbogacÃÆ'a". (3 Terms including apprenticeship). 3. Pass the Trial.

Swedish

In Sweden, membership in an attorney association is required to use an advocate or lawyer degree, but not to practice law. Membership in bar associations requires LL.M. degree (juristexamen, lasting four and a half years); three years of legal work to be in a law office (either an established company or a company of its own), and passing an oral examination.

Switzerland

In Switzerland, the lawyer must complete the Bachelor of Law (BLAW, which lasts 3 years), Master of Law (MLaw, which lasts for three periods), one year to two years internship (depending on Canton), and pass bar examination.

United Kingdom

The United Kingdom consists of three different jurisdictions:

• English law in England and Wales
• Northern Ireland Law in Northern Ireland
• Scottish Law in Scotland

Thus, entry into legal practice requires different qualifications in every country in the UK.

England and Wales

In England and Wales, a person does not have to be accepted at the bar to practice law, but qualifications are required to be a lawyer or lawyer, both are qualified attorneys and have the special rights of spectators in a court of law. For lawyers and lawyers professions, one must obtain a law degree (LL.B., which normally lasts for three years), or complete the General Professional Exam/Postgraduate Diploma in Law (which lasts one year after completing a bachelor's degree). Potential lawyers must complete the Professional Bar Training Course (formerly Bar Vocational Course), followed by a year of work training known as a student and a member of four prestigious inns in the Court. Prospective lawyers are required to complete a one-year Legal Practice Course, then a two-year internship under a training contract, during which the trainee's attorney must complete the Professional Skills Course. Chartered Legal Executives (formerly known as Fellows of CILEx) undertake a series of training courses and are required to pass qualifications relevant to the field of practice in which they intend to specialize. The first stage for a full vocational route for qualification is called the Professional Diploma Level CILEx 3 in Law and Practice and is set equivalent to A-level law. The second and final qualifications are equivalent to the honors degree program - CILEx's 6th Level Diploma in Law and Practice. Trainees often work at the same time learning to gain practical skills. Courses may be undertaken at colleges, universities or through open learning programs. The course is open to graduates and non-graduates. The Chartered Executive Officer is eligible after completing their CILEX training followed by a minimum of 3 years of job qualification. Executives of Registered Law can perform various legal works though, like lawyers, they generally specialize in one field. After completing their academic training, Executive Executives trainees often occupy the paralegal role to fulfill a 3 year vocational qualification stage as a Chartered Executive Officer.

Authority of the Regulatory Authority. Retrieved 18 February 2009. Notes on Applications for Certificates of Exemption from the General Professional Examination.

Scotland

In Scotland, an attorney usually learns for LL.B. in Scottish law; as this first bachelor's degree takes three years for a regular or four year honors degree. LL.B. can be taken as a postgraduate degree that takes two years. The process of admission to legal practice then depends on whether the lawyer wants to be a lawyer or an advocate.

Entry into practice as an attorney is arranged by the Law Society of Scotland, with lawyers having to study for a one-year Diploma in Professional Legal Practice and then complete an internship at a law firm. Lawyers have the right of audience before the sheriff's court and the justice court.

Getting into practice as an advocate, having an audience right before the Court of Appeals and the Court of Appeal, is regulated by the Faculty of Advocates. The Faculty of Advocates exercises this authority under the Act of Sederunt (Advocate Rules) 2011, which delegates the responsibilities of the Session Court. The Sederuntary Act is a form of subordinate legislation passed by the Session Court, and the authority to regulate acceptance to practice as an advocate is established by Section 120 of the Law of Service Law (Scotland) 2010, which states:

120 Faculty Rules

(1) The trial court is responsible--

(a) for--

(i) accepting persons (and excluding persons from) advocate offices,

(ii) prescribe criteria and procedures for entry to (and deletion from) advocate offices,

(b) to regulate professional practice, behavior and discipline of supporters.

(2) The Court's Responsibility in paragraph (1) (a) (ii) and (b) may be executed on behalf of, in accordance with the provisions that may be made for such purpose,

(a) Mr. President, or

(b) Faculty of Advocates.

Prospective candidates (called devils or intrants ) will complete the training period at the solicitor's office, the period of service, and then must pass the assessment under the Faculty's Scoring Scheme for the devil. The Faculty publishes detailed regulations as required by the Sederunt Act, which sets out all the requirements for the Advocate candidate.

src: mitchellhamline.edu

The Americas

In US English, entry to bars is also commonly known as obtaining a person's "legal license" ("license" in Canadian English).

North America

Canada

Canadian applicants to the bar must get admission (referred to as a "call to the bar") to one of the provincial or territorial Legal Societies in various Canadian jurisdictions. For example, in order to take the exam, the Law Society of British Columbia requires that a student complete a bachelor's degree in any discipline (four-year BA), and a law degree (LL.B. and/or BCL, three to four years) or Juris Doctor (three years). The applicant must complete an internship referred to as "articulate" (nine to fifteen months depending on the jurisdiction and nature of the process).

Mexico

Attorneys in Mexico are required to complete a law degree (Licenciado en Derecho, a five-year program), and obtain a professional certificate from the Ministry of Education's Bureau of Professional Affairs (DirecciÃÆ'³n General de Profiones), which officially endorsed a license under a law degree.

United States

The legal profession regulation is a force provided to states under the Tenth Amendment to the US Constitution. Every state, territory and District of Columbia has its own rules. Unlike many other countries, US jurisdiction does not grant licenses to legal practitioners as lawyers and lawyers, but all licensed lawyers qualify to practice as both.

All jurisdictions require applicants to pass an evaluation of moral character and to pass an ethics exam, which some states manage as part of their bar exam. Most require applicants to achieve a certain score on the Multistate Professional Responsibility Test.

All jurisdictions except Wisconsin and New Hampshire require successful completion of bar exams to be accepted. Diploma privileges are available in these countries for certain law school graduates whose degree programs meet certain requirements.

Educational requirements vary but most states require a baccalaureate degree (with any major concentration, or in general studies), followed by professional doctors in law - especially Juris Doctor or Doctor of Jurisprudence degrees from law schools accredited by the American Bar Association. Some states, such as New York, allow people with accredited foreign legal degrees with a comparable duration to join the state bar during their education in common law. A small number of states receive US law degrees from law schools without accreditation.

At least one state, California, does not require a general degree and no law degree. It is technically possible to become an attorney in California by completing a two-year college course, or equivalent as indicated by the examination and to fulfill the legal education requirement by studying the law diligently in the attorney's office or judge's room not less than 864 hours more not less than four years. Hours spent as an employee of a lawyer or judge are not counted as "learning."

Some other countries also allow their legal education requirements to be met by studying under the supervision of a lawyer or judge, excluding work. Very few people are pursuing this option.

South America

Argentina

In Argentina, a potential lawyer must complete a law degree (Abogado, which lasts five to six years depending on the University), and then becomes a member of one of the jurisdictional associations.

Brazil

Brazil needs a law degree (Bacharel em Direito, which lasts five years) and passes bar exam.

Chile

Chile needs a law degree (Licenciado en Ciencias JurÃicdicas: five years, and to approve a degree exam comprising all of the studied civil and procedural laws that can normally take a year or two). It takes a six-month internship to finally be sworn in the Supreme Court as a lawyer.

Peru

Attorney (Abogados) in Peru must be a member of a local bar association, requiring a law degree (Bachiller en Derecho, a five-year program) and a diploma (Titulo de Abogado), the latter requiring one year of internship and passing the exam.

Caribbean

Anguilla

Entry into practice in Anguilla is governed by the 2016 Legal Profession Act. To be admitted to Anguilla one must be admitted to the UK & amp; Wales, Scotland or Northern Ireland, or have received a Legal Education Certificate from the Legal Education Council in the West Indies. Furthermore the applicant must be (a) a Belonger from Anguilla, (b) a resident in Anguilla, or (c) a certain Caribbean citizen.

Bahamas

Under Bahamian law, only a citizen of the Bahamas is normally accepted as a lawyer. However, there are exceptions to special admission to allow senior lawyers who have specific expertise to be accepted to do one case.

British Virgin Islands

A person may be accepted as a lawyer or a lawyer in the British Virgin Islands either by claiming to be a lawyer in England, or by attending one of three regional law schools (Hugh Wooding Law School, Norman Manley Law School or Eugene Dupuch Law School). In 2015 the British Virgin Islands passes the Legal Profession Act of 2015. Although the new admissions rules under the Act have not been enacted, having done so graduates from regional law school will still be eligible to be admitted but have to do a one-year 'pupillage' period; and lawyers from the UK will only qualify for admission if they have a five-year post-qualification experience. The new regime will also allow senior foreign lawyers to be admitted temporarily for only one case.

Cayman Islands

A person can be accepted as a lawyer-in-law in the Cayman Islands by one of three routes. The newly qualified person can qualify by holding a law degree from the Cayman Islands Law School or equivalent institution or a non-legal degree along with the General Professional Examination/Graduate Diploma in Law, and then complete the 9 months Professional Practice Course ("PPC") , followed by eighteen months as a scribe within a law firm. Based on the Legal Practitioner's Regulations (Students) (Revised 2012) only Caymans or persons holding Cayman Status or as approved by Cayman Islands Cabinets may conduct PPC. Qualified lawyers to practice in England, Jamaica or other approved Commonwealth jurisdictions may be admitted under Legal Practice Law (Revised 2015) provided they are in a good position within their acceptance jurisdiction and may indicate a residence in the Cayman Islands for at least a year (usually by holding a valid work permit for that time period). Finally, lawyers accepted in other jurisdictions who are only temporarily accepted in the Cayman Islands for the purpose of appearing in one case (usually Queen's Counsel from London) may be admitted for a while. All lawyers are required to hold current practice certificates to practice law, but the Cayman Islands are a bit unusual that if a lawyer stops holding a practice certificate for two years they are beaten up.

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See also

• The (legal) bar
• Attorneys
• Legal practice
• Termination
• Practice certificates

src: www.spartanlaw.us

References

Source of the article : Wikipedia