Liquid crystal display television ( LCD TV ) is a television set that uses a liquid crystal display to produce an image. LCD televisions are thinner and lighter than cathode ray tubes (CRTs) with similar screen sizes, and are available in much larger sizes. When production costs go down, this combination of features makes the LCD practical for a television receiver.
In 2007, LCD televisions topped CRT-based television sales worldwide for the first time, and their sales figures relative to other technologies are accelerating. LCD TVs are quickly replacing the only major competitors in the big screen market, plasma display panels and rear projection televisions. LCDs, by far, are the most widely produced and sold television sets.
LCD also has various disadvantages. Other technologies overcome these weaknesses, including organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), FEDs and SEDs.
Video LCD television
Description
Basic concepts
The liquid crystals include various types of rod-shaped polymers that naturally form thin and regular layers, in contrast to the more random normal fluid smoothing. Some of these, nematic liquid crystals , also show the alignment effect between layers. The special direction of the nematic liquid crystal alignment can be adjusted by placing it in contact with the alignment layer or director , which is essentially a material with microscopic indentations in it. , on the support substrate. When placed in a director, the touching layer will adjust to the groove, and the layers above will then align themselves with the layer below, the bulk material that takes the director's position. In the case of LCD Twisted Nematic (TN), this effect is used by using two directors arranged at right angles and placed adjacent to the liquid crystals between them. This forces the layer to align itself in two directions, creating a bent structure with each layer parallel at an angle slightly different from that on either side.
LCD televisions produce color images with selective filtering light generated by the backlight, originally provided by a series of cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFLs) but now usually by white or colored LEDs. Millions of individual LCD panels, arranged in a box, open and closed to allow a measurable amount of white light. Each shutter is paired with a colored filter to remove all but red, green or blue (RGB) red parts from the original white source. Each pair of shutter-filters forms one sub-pixel . The sub-pixel is so small that when the view is seen from a short distance, the individual colors blend together to produce a single dot of color, a pixel . Color shadows are controlled by changing the relative intensity of light passing through the sub-pixels.
The LCD window consists of a stack of three main elements. At the bottom and top of the shutter are polarizer plates arranged at right angles. Normally light can not travel through a pair of polarizers arranged in this mode, and the display will be black. The polarizer also brings directors to create a bent structure that is aligned with the polarizer on both sides. When light flows out of the back polarizer, it naturally follows the spin of liquid crystals, coming out from the front of the liquid crystal that has been rotated through the correct angle, allowing it to pass through the front polarizer. LCDs are usually transparent in this mode of operation. To turn off the shutter, the voltage applied from front to back. The rod-shaped molecules align themselves with the electric field rather than the director, distorting the bent structure. Light no longer changes the polarization as it flows through the liquid crystal, and can no longer pass through the front polarizer. By controlling the applied voltage in the liquid crystal, the number of remaining rounds can be selected. This allows the transparency of the shutter to be controlled. To increase switch time, cells are placed under pressure, which increases the power to align themselves with the directors when the fields are turned off.
Some variations and other modifications have been used to improve performance in certain apps. In-Plane Switching displays (IPS and S-IPS) offer a wider viewing angle and better color reproduction, but are more difficult to build and have slightly slower response times. Vertical Alignment (VA, S-PVA and MVA) offers higher contrast ratios and better response times, but shifts in color when viewed from the side. In general, all of these displays work in the same way by controlling the polarization of light sources.
Overcoming sub-pixels
To overcome a single shutter on the screen, a series of electrodes are deposited on the plates on both sides of the liquid crystal. One side has horizontal lines forming rows, others have vertical lines forming columns. By supplying voltages to one row and one column, a field will be generated at the point where they cross. Because the metal electrode will become opaque, the LCD uses electrodes made of transparent conductors, usually indium tin oxide.
Because a single shutter handle requires power to be supplied to all rows and columns, some fields are always leaked to the surrounding windows. Liquid crystals are quite sensitive, and even a small number of leaky fields will cause some degree of transition to occur. The partial shift from the surrounding shutters obscures the resulting image. Another problem in early LCD systems was the voltage required to set the window to a certain rotation very low, but the voltage was too low to make the crystal aligned with reasonable performance. This results in a slow response time and leads to visible "shadows" on this screen in fast moving images, like a mouse cursor on a computer screen. Even scrolling text is often displayed as an unreadable blur, and the switching speed is too slow to be used as a useful television view.
To solve this problem, modern LCDs use an active matrix design. Instead of turning on both electrodes, a set, usually the front, is attached to the same runway. At the back, each shutter is paired with a thin film transistor that lights up in response to a widely separated voltage level, say 0 and 5 volts. A new addressing line, gateway , is added as a separate switch for the transistor. Lines and columns are addressed as before, but transistors ensure that only a single shutter at the point of intersection is discussed; every leaky field is too small to replace the transistor around it. When turned on, the amount of constant and relatively high charge current from the source line goes through the transistor and becomes the corresponding capacitor. The capacitor is charged until it holds the correct control voltage, slowly leaking through the crystal to the common ground. The current is very fast and is not suitable for good control of the resulting storage costs, so pulse code modulation is used to accurately control the overall flow. Not only does this allow for very accurate control over the window, since the capacitor can be charged or dried quickly, but the shutter response time also increases dramatically.
Build view
The typical shutter assembly consists of sandwiches of several layers deposited on two thin glass sheets that form the front and back of the screen. For smaller screen sizes (under 30 inches (760 mm)), glass sheets can be replaced with plastic.
The back sheet begins with a polarizing film, a glass sheet, an active matrix component and an electrode addressing, and then a director. The front sheet is similar, but does not have an active matrix component, replacing them with a patterned color filter. Using a multi-step construction process, both sheets can be produced on the same assembly line. The liquid crystals are placed between two sheets in a patterned plastic sheet that divides the liquid into individual window shapes and keeps the sheets at exactly the same distance from each other.
An important step in the manufacturing process is the deposition of active matrix components. It has a relatively high failure rate, which keeps the pixel on the screen "always on". If there are sufficient defective pixels, the screen should be discarded. The number of discarded panels had a strong effect on the price of television sets produced, and the fall in the lowest price between 2006 and 2008 was largely due to a better process.
To produce a complete television, the shutter assembly is combined with electronic controls and backlights. The backlight for a small set can be provided by a single lamp using a diffuser or a blurry mirror to diffuse the light, but for larger displays one light is not bright enough and the back surface is even covered with a number of separate lights. Achieving the lighting in front of the entire screen remains a challenge, and light and dark spots are not uncommon.
Maps LCD television
Comparison with other technologies
Packaging
In CRT the electron beam is generated by heating the metal filament, which "boils" the electrons from its surface. The electrons are then accelerated and focused on the electron gun, and aimed at the exact location on the screen using an electromagnet. Most of the CRT power budgets are used to heat the filaments, which causes the back of CRT-based televisions to become hot. Because electrons are easily deflected by gas molecules, all the tubes must be held in a vacuum. The atmospheric force on the front face of the tube grows with areas requiring thicker glass. This limits the CRT practically to a size of about 30 inches; (76 cm) displays up to 40Ã, "(102 cm) produced but weighed several hundred pounds, and larger televisions than this had to switch to other technologies such as rear projection.
The lack of vacuum on LCD television is one of its advantages; there is a small amount of vacuum on the set using a CCFL backlight, but these are arranged in cylinders that are naturally stronger than large flat plates. Eliminating the need for heavy glass allows the LCD to be much lighter than other technologies.
LCD panels, like other flat panel displays, are also much thinner than CRTs. Because the CRT can only bend the electron beam through a critical angle while retaining focus, the electron gun must be placed some distance from the front face of the television. In the early set of the 1950s the corners were often as small as 35 degrees off-axis, but the improvements, especially the computer-aided convergence, made it possible to be dramatically improved and, at the end of their evolution, folded. Nevertheless, even the best CRT is much deeper than the LCD.
LCDs can, in theory, be built in various sizes, with production being the main constraint. As the results increase, the general LCD display size increases, from 14 "(35 cm) to 30" (70 cm), to 42 "(107 cm), then 52" (132 cm), and 65 "(165 cm) sets are is now widely available. It allows the LCD to compete directly with most home projection television sets, and compared to that technology, the direct-view LCD has better image quality.Experimental and limited run sets are available in sizes greater than 100Ã, 254 cm).).
Efficiency
LCDs are relatively inefficient in terms of power usage per screen size, as most of the light generated on the back of the screen is blocked before it reaches the viewer. To begin with, the rear polarizer filters more than half of the original un-polarized light. Checking the image above, you can see that most of the screen area is covered by a cell structure around the window, which removes the other parts. After that, each sub-pixel color filter removes most of what is left to leave only the desired color. Finally, to control the color and lighting of an entire pixel, some light is lost as it passes through the front polarizer in the state-by imperfect operation of the window.
For this reason, the backlighting system should be strongly strong. Although using a highly efficient CCFL, most sets use several hundred watts of power, more than is necessary to illuminate an entire house with the same technology. As a result, LCD televisions using CCFL end up with overall power usage similar to CRTs of the same size. Plasma displays are worse; which is best equivalent to LCD, but the typical set attracts more.
Modern LCD devices have attempted to address the use of power through a process known as "dynamic lighting" (originally introduced for other reasons, see below). This system checks the image to find darker areas, and reduces the backlight in the area. CCFL is a long cylinder that runs the length of the screen, so this change can only be used to control the overall brightness of the screen, or at least a wide horizontal line from it. This makes the technique suitable only for certain types of images, such as credit at the end of the movie. In 2009 some manufacturers made several TVs using HCFL (more power-efficient than CCFL). Set using distributed LEDs behind the screen, with each LED light only a small number of pixels, typically 16 with 16 patches, allowing for better local dimming by dynamically adjusting the brightness of a much smaller area, suitable for the set of images which is wider.
Another ongoing field of research is using materials that optically direct the light to reuse as many signals as possible. One potential increase is to use a microprism or dichromic mirror to divide light into R, G and B, rather than absorb unwanted colors in the filter. A successful system will increase efficiency three times. Others will direct the light that normally falls on the opaque element back to the transparent part of the window.
Some of the newer technologies, OLED, FED and SED, have lower power usage as one of their key advantages. All of these technologies directly generate light on a sub-pixel base, and only use as much power as needed for light levels. Sony has shown 36 "FED units featuring extremely bright images, drawing only 14W, less than 1/10 the same size as LCDs OLED and SED are similar to FEDs in terms of power.The lower power requirements make this technology very attractive to use low power like laptop computers and cell phones.This kind of device is a market that initially boot-up LCD technology, because of its light weight and thinness.
Image quality
The initial LCD set is widely ridiculed for poor overall picture quality, especially ghosting on fast moving images, poor contrast ratio, and muddy colors. Despite many predictions that other technologies will always beat the LCD, massive investments in LCD manufacturing, manufacturing, and electronic image processing have overcome many of these problems.
Response time
For 60 frames per second of video, common in North America, each pixel is switched on for 17 ms before it has to be pulled back (at 50 frames per second, that's 20 ms in Europe). The initial LCD has a response time on the order of hundreds of milliseconds, which makes them useless for the television. The combination of improvements in materials technology since the 1970s greatly enhances this, as does active matrix techniques. In 2000, LCD panels with a response time of about 20 ms were relatively common in computer roles. It's still not fast enough for television use.
The large increase, pioneered by NEC, leads to the first practical LCD television. NEC noticed that liquid crystals take time to start moving to their new orientation, but stop quickly. If early movements can be accelerated, overall performance will increase. The NEC solution is to increase the voltage during the "spin up period" when the initial capacitor is being charged, and then drop back to its normal level to fill it with the required voltage. A common method is to double the voltage, but divide the two pulse widths, giving the same amount of power. Named "Overdrive" by NEC, this technique is now widely used in almost all LCDs.
Another large increase in response time was achieved by adding memory to hold the screen content - something a TV should do, but it was not initially required in the role of a computer monitor that booted the LCD industry. In the older view the first active matrix capacitor is dried, and then recharged to a new value with each refresh. But in most cases, most screen images do not change from frame to frame. By holding the value before and after in the computer memory, comparing it, and just rearranging the sub-pixels completely changed, the amount of time spent filling and removing the capacitor is reduced. In addition, the capacitor is not fully drained; instead, the existing charge level will be increased or lowered to match the new value, which usually requires fewer charging pulses. This change, which is isolated to the driver's electronic and inexpensive to implement, increases the response time by about two times.
Together, along with the continued increase in the liquid crystal itself, and by increasing the refresh rate from 60 Hz to 120 and 240 Hz, the response time dropped from 20 ms in 2000 to about 2 ms in the best modern look. But even this is not fast enough because the pixels will still switch when the frame is being displayed. Conventional CRTs are under 1 ms, and plasma and OLED display a proud time on the order of 0.001 ms.
One way to further improve the effective refresh rate is to use "super-sampling", and this is becoming increasingly common on high-end devices. Because the motion blur takes place during transitions from one state to another, this can be reduced by doubling the refresh rate of the LCD panel, and building the intermediate frame using various motion compensation techniques. This smooths the transition, and means that backlighting is turned on only when the transition is completed. A number of high-end devices offer 120 Hz (in North America) or 100 Hz (in Europe) refresh rate using this technique. Another solution is to simply turn on the backlight once the shutter is fully switched. To ensure that the screen is not blinking, the system turns on the backlight several times per refresh, in a mode similar to the movie projection where the shutter opens and closes several times per frame.
Contrast Ratio
Even in full off, the liquid crystals allow some light to leak through the shutters. This limits their contrast ratio to about 1600: 1 on the best modern set, when measured using ANSI measurements (ANSI IT7.215-1992). Manufacturers often cite the contrast ratio "Full On/Off" instead, which is about 25% larger for the given set.
This lack of contrast is most visible in darker scenes. To display a color close to black, the LCD cover must be changed to almost full opacity, limiting the number of discrete colors they can display. This causes a "posterizing" effect and discrete color bands that become visible in the shadows, which is why many LCD TV reviews mention "shadow detail". By comparison, the highest LED TVs offer a regular 5,000,000: 1 contrast ratio.
As the total amount of light reaching viewers is a combination of backlight and shuttering, modern devices can use dynamic backlighting or local dimming to improve contrast ratios and shadow details. If a particular area of ​​the screen is dark, a conventional set should set the window cover close to the opaque to reduce the light. However, if backlighting is halved in the area, shuttering can be reduced by half, and the number of available closure levels in the sub-pixels becomes doubled. This is the main reason high-end devices offer dynamic lighting (compared to power savings, previously mentioned), allowing the contrast ratio on the screen to be increased dramatically. While LCD panels are capable of producing a contrast ratio of about 1000: 1, by adding 30 dynamic backlight levels, this is increased to 30,000: 1.
However, a dynamically adjustable screen area is a function of a background light source. CCFL is a thin tube that illuminates many rows (or columns) across the screen all at once, and the light is scattered with diffusers. The CCFL must be driven with enough power to illuminate the brightest part of the image in front of it, so if the image is light on one side and dark on the other, this technique can not be used successfully. Featuring a backlit with a full array of LEDs has the advantage, because each LED light is just a small patch on the screen. This allows dynamic backlighting to be used on a wider range of images. Brightness view does not enjoy this advantage. This display only has LEDs along the edges and uses light guide plates coated with thousands of convex bulges that reflect light from LEDs lit out through matrix and LCD filters. LEDs on the bright-edge display can be dimmed only globally, not individually. For cost reasons, most LCD TVs have bright backlighting.
The massive upgrading on paper this method provides is the reason many sets now put "dynamic contrast ratios" in their specification sheets. There is widespread debate in the audio-visual world, whether the dynamic contrast ratio is real or just marketing. Reviewers generally note that even the best LCDs can not match the contrast or black ratio of plasma screens, although rated, on paper, because it has a higher ratio. However, since 2014 there is no major manufacturer of plasma screens left. The contrast leader is now displayed based on OLED.
Color gamut
The colors on the LCD television are generated by filtering the white source and then selectively closing the three primary colors relative to each other. The accuracy and quality of the resulting color depend on the backlight source and its ability to produce evenly white light. The CCFL used in early LCD televisions is not very white, and tends to be strongest in green. The modern backlight has improved this, and the sets generally cite the color space that covers about 75% of the overall color of NTSC 1953. Using white LEDs as a backlight increases this further.
In September 2009 Nanoco, a British company, announced that it has signed a joint development agreement with a major Japanese electronics company where it will design and develop quantum dots (QD) for use in LED backlights on LCD televisions. Quantum dots are valuable for display, because they emit light in a very specific Gaussian distribution. This can result in a more accurate view making the colors visible to the human eye. To produce the most suitable white light as the LCD backlight, the light parts of the blue transmitter LED are transformed by quantum dots into green and red light green with a small bandwidth so that combined white light allows for almost ideal color gamut produced by color filters LCD panel. In addition, efficiency is improved, because the color between (wavelength) no longer exists and should not be filtered by the RGB color filter on the LCD screen. US company QD Vision is working with Sony to launch LCD TVs using this technique under the marketing label Triluminos in 2013.
At the 2015 Consumer Electronics Show, Samsung Electronics, LG Electronics, China's TCL Corporation and Sony show LED-backlighting QD from LCD TVs.
History
Initial attempt
Passive LCD matrices first became common in the 1980s for a variety of portable computer roles. As they compete with plasma displays in the same market space. The LCD has a very slow refresh rate that obscures the screen even with scrolling text, but its light weight and low cost are the main benefits. The display using a reflective LCD does not require an internal light source, making it very suitable for laptop computers.
Initial device refresh rate is too slow for use on television. Portable television is the target application for LCD. LCDs consume much less battery power even miniature tubes used in portable televisions of that era. The first commercially made LCD TV was the Casio TV-10 made in 1983. The resolution is limited to the standard definition, although a number of technologies push the display toward that standard limit; Super VHS offers enhanced color saturation, and DVDs add a higher resolution as well. Even with this advancement, screen sizes above 30 "are very rare because these formats will start appearing yellow at normal seating distances when viewed on larger screens.The projection system is generally limited to situations where images should be viewed by a larger audience.
Nevertheless, several experiments with LCD television took place during this period. In 1988, Sharp Corporation introduced the first commercial LCD television, a 14 "model with active matrix addressing using thin film transistors (TFT), mainly offered as boutique items for smart customers, and not intended for the general market. Similarly, plasma screens can easily offer the performance required to create high-quality displays, but suffer from low brightness and extremely high power consumption.However, a series of advances led to plasma screens going beyond the LCD in performance enhancement, beginning with an increase in Fujitsu construction techniques in the year 1979, Hitachi's improved phosphorus in 1984, and the removal of AT & amp; T on black areas between sub-pixels in the mid-1980s. In the late 1980s, plasma screens long before the LCD.
High definition
It was the slow standardization of high definition television that first produced the market for new television technology. In particular, the wider 16: 9 aspect ratio of new materials is difficult to make using CRTs; ideally CRTs should be perfectly coiled to best contain internal vacuum, and when aspect ratios become more rectangular, it becomes more difficult to make a tube. At the same time, the much higher resolution offered by this new format is lost on smaller screen sizes, so the CRT faces twin problems becoming larger and more rectangular at the same time. LCD era still has not been able to cope with fast moving images, especially at higher resolutions, and from the mid-1990s plasma screens were the only real offer in high resolution space.
Through the introduction of HDTVs that stalled in the mid-1990s into the early 2000s, plasma screens were the primary high definition display technology. However, their high cost, both manufacturing and on the road, means older technologies such as CRTs retain traces despite their losses. LCDs, however, are widely considered unable to scale into the same space, and it is widely believed that a move to high definition will push it from the market completely.
The situation is changing rapidly. Contrary to initial optimism, plasma displays never see the expected large economies of scale, and remain expensive. Meanwhile, LCD technologies such as Overdrive are beginning to overcome their ability to work at television speeds. Originally manufactured on a smaller size, fitting into the low-end space that plasma can not fill, LCDs begin experiencing economies of scale that plasma fails to achieve. In 2004, 32 "widely available models, 42" sets became common, and a much larger prototype was being demonstrated.
Takeover market
Although plasma continues to hold the top edge image quality of the LCD, and even the price advantage for the set at 42 "critical and larger size, LCD prices began to drop rapidly in 2006 while their screen size increased at the same fast rate.2006, some vendors offer 42 "The LCD, albeit at a premium price, breaks in its only plasma camp. More importantly, the LCD offers higher resolution and real 1080p support, while the plasma is stuck at 720p, which is made for a price difference.
Predictions that prices for LCDs will drop rapidly throughout 2007 led to a "wait and see" attitude in the market, and sales of all large screen televisions stagnate while customers watched to see if this would happen. Plasma and LCDs reached price parity in 2007, where a higher LCD resolution point is a winning point for many sales. By the end of 2007, it was clear that the LCD would sell more plasma during the critical Christmas sales season. This is despite the fact that plasma continues to have an image quality advantage, but as president Chunghwa Picture Tubes noted after closing their plasma production line, "Globally, so many companies, so much investment, so many people have worked in this area, on products So they can grow quickly. "
When sales figures for the 2007 Christmas season were finally calculated, experts were surprised to find that LCDs not only sell plasma, but also surpass CRTs during the same period. This evolution pushed the big screen system to compete from the market almost overnight. Plasma has taken over the rear projection system in 2005. The same applies to CRTs, which last only a few months away; Sony ended their famous Trinitron sales in most markets in 2007, closing the final plant in March 2008. Announcement in February 2009 that Pioneer Electronics ended the production of plasma screens is widely regarded as a tipping point in the history of the technology as well.
LCD dominance in the television market is increasingly fast. This is the only technology that can scale up and down sizes, which include high-end markets for large screens in grades 40 to 50 ", as well as customers who want to replace small CRT sets that are in the 14 to 30" range. Building across this wide scale is rapidly pushing prices across the board.
In 2008, LCD TV shipments rose 33 percent year-on-year compared to 2007 to 105 million units. In 2009, LCD TV shipments increased to 146 million units (69% of total 211 million TV shipments). In 2010, LCD TV shipments reached 187.9 million units (from an estimated total of 247 million TV shipments).
The current sixth generation panels by major manufacturers such as Sony, Sharp Corporation, LG Display, Panasonic, and Samsung have announced larger models:
- In October 2004, Sharp announced the successful creation of a 65 "panel.
- In March 2005, Samsung announced the 82 "LCD panel.
- In August 2006, LG Display Consumer Electronics announced 100 "LCD televisions
- In January 2007, Sharp featured a 108 "LCD panel under the AQUOS brand name at CES in Las Vegas.
Recent research
Although current LCD panels are able to provide all sRGB colors using a combination of backlight spectra and precise optical filters, the manufacturer wants to display more colors. One approach is to use the fourth, or even the fifth and sixth colors in the optical color filter arrangement. Another approach is to use two sets of suitable narrow backlights (for example, LEDs), with slightly different colors, in combination with broadband optical filters in panels, and backlights alternating each frame in a row.
Fully using naturally extended color gamut will require precisely retrieved material and some modifications to the distribution channel. Otherwise, the only use of additional colors is to let viewers improve the color saturation of TV images beyond what the producer intends, but avoid the inevitable ("fatigue") detail loss in the saturated area.
Competing systems
Apart from the current LCD dominance in the field of television, there are several other technologies developed that overcome the shortcomings. While LCDs produce images by selectively blocking backlights, OLED, FED and SED all produce light directly in front of the screen. Compared to LCD, all of these technologies offer better viewing angles, higher brightness and contrast ratio (as much as 5,000,000: 1), as well as better color saturation and accuracy, and use less power. In theory, they are less complicated and less expensive to build.
Actually the manufacture of this screen has proven to be more difficult than previously imagined. Sony left their FED project in March 2009, but continued to work on their OLED devices. Canon continues to develop their SED technology, but announces that it will not try to introduce the set to the market for the foreseeable future.
Samsung has featured OLED sets at sizes 14.1, 31 and 40 inches for some time, and at the 2009 SID trade show in San Antonio they announced that the 14.1 and 31 inch sets are "ready for production".
Environmental effects
The production of LCD screens uses nitrogen trifluoride (NF 3 ) as an etching liquid during the production of thin film components. NF 3 is a potent greenhouse gas, and a relatively long half life can make it a potentially hazardous global warming contributor. A report in Geophysical Research Letters states that the impact is theoretically far greater than more known sources of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide. Since NF 3 was not widely used at the time, it was not part of the Kyoto Protocol and was considered a "lost greenhouse gas".
Critics of the report indicate that he assumes that all NF 3 produced will be released into the atmosphere. In fact, most of the NF 3 is broken down during the cleaning process; two previous studies found that only 2 to 3% of gases escaped damage after use. In addition, the report failed to compare the effects of NF 3 with what it replaced, perfluorocarbons, other potent greenhouse gases, from anywhere from 30 to 70% pass to the atmosphere in typical usage.
See also
- Ambilight, Philips Electronics technology
- Comparison of CRT, LCD, Plasma, and OLED
- Large screen television technology
- Pixel Plus
- Quattron, Sharp LCD TV technology that uses the fourth, yellow pixel color
- Liquid-thin film-transistor crystal display, detailed discussion of LCD panel technology
References
External links
- Chemicals for making LCD televisions are distributed by the Merck Group (DE), and Yancheng Smiling (CN).
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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