Toilet paper is a tissue paper product that is used primarily to clean the anus and surrounding area from impurities after defecation and to clean urine perineum area after urination and other body fluids. It also serves as a protective layer for the hand during this process. It is sold as long hollow paper strips wrapped around cardboard core for storage in a dispenser near the toilet. Most modern toilet paper in developed countries is designed to decompose in septic tanks, while some bathrooms and other facial tissues do not. Toilet paper has various layers (thickness layers), ranging from one layer to six layers, with more back-to-back layers that provide greater strength and absorption.
The use of paper for hygiene has been recorded in China in the 6th century, with special toilet paper mass-produced in the 14th century. Modern commercial toilet paper originated in the 19th century, with patents for roll-based dispensers made in 1883.
Video Toilet paper
History
Although paper has been known as a wrapping and cushioning material in China since the 2nd century BC, the first documented use of toilet paper in human history dates from the 6th century, early in medieval China. In 589 AD, the official scholar Yan Zhitui (531-591) wrote about the use of toilet paper:
Paper that there are quotes or comments from the Five Classics or the names of the sages, I do not dare use for toilet purposes.
During the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD), an Arab traveler to China in 851 AD said:
... they [the Chinese] do not wash themselves with water when they have done their needs; but they just wipe themselves with paper.
During the early fourteenth century, it was noted that in modern Zhejiang province there was an annual toilet paper manufacture of ten million packages of 1,000 to 10,000 pieces of toilet paper. During the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 AD), it was recorded in 1393 that an annual supply of 720,000 pieces of toilet paper (twice the size of three feet) was produced for the general use of the imperial palace in the capital city of Nanjing. From the records of the Imperial Inventory Bureau that same year, it was also noted that for the Emperor Hongwu Empire's family alone, there were 15,000 pieces of toilet paper made of soft fabrics made, and every sheet of toilet paper was even fragrant.
Elsewhere, rich people wipe themselves with wool, lace or hemp, while less wealthy people use their hands when defecating into the river, or cleaning themselves with materials such as cloth, wood shavings, leaves, grass, straw, rock, sand, moss, water, snow, ferns, plant husks, fruit shells, clamshells, or corncobs, depending on country and weather conditions or social customs. In Ancient Rome, a sponge on a common stick was used, and, after use, was placed back in a vinegar bucket. Some of the talmudic sources that point to ancient Jewish practices refer to the use of small pebbles, often carried in special pockets, and also for the use of dry grass and fine edges of damaged pottery jars (eg, Shabbat 81a, 82a, Yevamot 59b). This is all cited in classical Biblical and Talmudic Medicine by German physician Julius Preuss (Eng. Trans. Sanhedrin Press, 1978).
The 16th-century French satire author FranÃÆ'§ois Rabelais, in Chapter XIII Book 1 of his novel sequence
The rise of publishing in the 18th century led to the use of newspapers and cheap editions of popular books for cleaning. Lord Chesterfield, in a letter to his son in 1747, told of a man who bought
a general edition of Horace, which he torn gradually over a few pages, took him to the necessary place, read it first, and then sent him as a sacrifice to the Cloacina; thus so much time is gained....
In many parts of the world, especially where toilet paper or pipes needed for disposal may be unavailable or unreachable, toilet paper is not used. Also, in many parts of the world like India, people consider using water cleaner and cleaner than using paper. Cleansing is then carried out by other methods or materials, such as water, for example using bidet, lota, cloth, sand, leaves (including seaweed), corncobs, animal furs, sticks or hands; after that, hands washed with water and maybe soap.
As a commodity
Joseph Gayetty is widely recognized as the inventor of modern commercial toilet paper in the United States. The Gayetty paper, first introduced in 1857, was available until the late 1920s. Gayetty Meditation Paper is sold in a flat sheet, dotted with the name of the inventor. The original ad for the product uses the tagline "The greatest need of this era! Gayetty drug seeds for water-closet."
Seth Wheeler of Albany, New York, obtained the earliest US patent for toilet paper and dispenser, the types that were eventually used publicly in the country, in 1883.
The making of this product has a long period of refinement, given that in the late 1930s, the selling point of the Northern Tissue company was that their toilet paper was "fragmentary".
Wet toilet paper, called wet wipes, was first introduced in Britain by Andrex in the 1990s, and in the United States by Kimberly-Clark in 2001. It has been promoted as a better cleaning method than dry toilet paper after defecation, and may be useful for women during menstruation. It was promoted as a flushable product but has been involved in the creation of fatberg. By 2016, some municipalities have initiated educational campaigns to advise people not to water using wet wipes.
More than seven billion rolls of toilet paper are sold annually in the US alone. The average American uses 23.6 rolls per capita per year.
Maps Toilet paper
Description
Toilet paper is available in several types of paper, various patterns, decorations, and textures, and can be moistened or fragrant, although fragrances sometimes cause problems for users who are allergic to perfumes. The average size of a modern toilet paper roll is c. 10 cm (3 15 / 16 it) width, and 12 cm (4 23 / 32 in.) In diameter, and weighs about 227 grams (8 oz.). An alternative method of packing a sheet using a sheet inserted in a box, or in bulk for use in a dispenser. Paper ply "Hard" has been used as well as multi-layered soft.
Size
A piece of toilet paper manufactured in the United States is 4 1 / 2 "ÃÆ'â €" 4 < span> 1 / 2 ". Since 1999 the size of the sheet has shrunk; Kimberly-Clark reduced the length of a sheet to 4.1. "Scott, in 2006, reduced the length of their product to 3.7". The width of the sheet is then reduced giving the general sheet size 3.7 "long and 4.1" wide. Larger sizes remain available. Variability in this size has caused some problems with toilet paper dispensers.
Materials
Toilet paper products vary widely in distinguishing technical factors, such as size, weight, roughness, softness, chemical residue, "finger-breaking" resistance, water absorption, etc. Large companies have very detailed scientific market surveys to determine which marketing sector requires or demands which of the many technical qualities. Modern toilet paper may have a thin layer of aloe or lotion or wax that is processed into paper to reduce roughness.
Quality is usually determined by the number of layers (stacked sheets), roughness, and endurance. The low-quality institutional toilet paper is usually of the lowest grade paper, has only one or two layers, is very rough and sometimes contains a small amount of unbleached paper. Mid-grade two-layer textured to slightly soften and somewhat stronger. Premium toilet paper may have lotions and candles and has two to four sheets of very fine paper. If marketed as "luxury", it can be coated or wrinkled (arising), fragrant, colorful or patterned, medicinal (with anti-bacterial chemicals), or treated with tongue or other perfumes.
To advance the decomposition of paper in a septic tank or drainage, the paper used has fibers that are shorter than facial tissue or writing paper. Manufacturers try to achieve an optimal balance between rapid decomposition (which requires shorter fibers) and robustness (requiring longer fibers). The compaction of toilet paper in the drain, as in the blockage, prevents fiber dispersion and largely stops the cracking process.
A German insinuation says that the Nazi German toilet paper is so rough and rough it is almost unusable, so many people use the old problem of the VÃÆ'¶lkischer Beobachter instead because it is softer.
Color and design
Toilet paper is colored in colors like pink, lavender, light blue, light green, purple, green, and light yellow (so people can choose the appropriate color of toilet paper or equipped with someone's bathroom color) generally sold in the United States from the 1960s. Until 2004, Scott was one of the last US producers to produce cream, blue, and pink toilet paper. However, the company has cut production of colored paper altogether.
Currently, in the United States, plain colorless plated toilet paper has largely been replaced with patterned toilet paper, usually white, with ornamental patterns or designs embossed in different colors and sizes depending on the brand. Colored toilet paper is still available in some European countries.
The unintended problem with the laminate construction design of the sheets in the reels is that, sometimes while un-rolling, separation occurs between laminates rather than at the intended interface. Perforation then becomes parallel and the sheet can not be torn cleanly. The problem is solved with careful un-winding one or more laminates until the perforation re-aligns.
Installation
Dispenser
The toilet roll holder, also known as a toilet paper dispenser, is the item holding a roll of toilet paper. There are at least seven types of holders:
- A piece of horizontal wire mounted on a hinge, hanging from the door or wall.
- Horizontal axis hidden in the wall.
- Vertical axle hidden in wall
- Horizontal axis mounted on a freestanding frame.
- A free-standing vertical pivot on the base.
- A wall-mounted dealer unit, usually containing more than one roll. It is used in the commercial/remote-from-home market.
- A wall-mounted discharge unit with an interfolded network of type "S" will open so that the user can extract one sheet of network at a time.
Some commercial or institutional toilet paper is wrapped around the cylinder up to the thickness of standard toilet paper rolls.
Orientation
There are two orientation options when using a holder with a horizontal axis parallel to the wall: toilet paper can hang above or below rolls. The choice largely depends on personal preference, dictated by the habit. In the survey of American consumers and bath and kitchen specialists, 60-70% of respondents prefer rather than .
Decorations
Toilegami refers to the origami toilet paper. Like a table napkin, some plush Japanese hotels fold the first box of toilet paper on the dispenser to be presented in a fashionable way.
Use of recreation
In the United States, toilet paper has become a primary tool in jokes known as "TP-ing" (pronounced Teepeeing). TP-ing, or "toilet guise," is often liked by teenagers and teenagers and is the act of throwing rolls of toilet paper on cars, trees, houses and gardens, causing toilet paper to hit and cover the property, creating discomfort. chaos.
"spitballing" or "wet TP-ing". is where you roll up a handful of toilet paper, soak it in water or other liquid and throw it into the target, usually the ceiling. Clumps of toilet paper usually adhesive due to the humid conditions, which causes it to stick to the target for maximum discomfort. If left to dry it will be difficult to remove, especially in areas that are difficult to reach, such as the bathroom ceiling of the school.
Children and cats have taken to unrolling the entire toilet paper by turning it completely to decompose on the floor, or as a game by children of lumps one end, putting it in a toilet bowl without tearing and then using a flushing from the toilet to pull new paper to toilet. The game is if you can continue to water the entire roll to the toilet part at a time before the toilet paper breaks. Specialized tissue paper holder with rectangular shape was created to prevent continuous disassembly without tearing to prevent this practice.
The toilet paper pranks include toilet paper and inserts that are powered by toilet paper rolls and will loudly play a shameful song that calls attention to the defecate.
Other jokes include custom toilet paper printed with jokes, stories or pictures of politicians.
Mechanics
Alexander Balankin and coauthor have studied the behavior of toilet tissue under tensile stress and during wetting and burning.
Toilet paper has been used in physics education to show the concept of torque, moment of inertia, and angular momentum; and conservation of momentum and energy.
Environmental considerations
One tree produces about 100 pounds (45 kg) of toilet paper and about 83 million rolls are produced per day. Global toilet paper production consumes 27,000 trees every day.
More than seven billion rolls of toilet paper are sold annually in the United States alone. The average American uses 23.6 rolls per capita per year. The average American uses 50 pounds (23 kg) of paper tissue per year that is 50% more than the average of other Western countries or Japan. Higher usage in the United States can be explained by the fact that other countries use a bidet or spray hose to cleanse themselves. Millions of trees are harvested in North and South America leaving ecological footprints. Citizens from many Western countries sometimes use toilet paper for industrial purposes such as oil filters, which can distort usage statistics.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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